The following are the important Constitutional Amendment Act(CAA):
- 38th CAA, 1975:
- declaration of emergency by the president is non-justiciable.
- 42nd CAA, 1976:
- Also known as mini-constitution, the addition of the word secular, socialist, and integrity. Fundamental duties are also included in part IV-A of the constitution.
- 44th CAA, 1978:
- The right to property as a fundamental right is removed and made a legal right.
- 61st CAA, 1989:
- Lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 69th CAA, 1991: Union Territory status to Delhi
- 91st CAA, 2003:
- The size of the Councils of Ministers at the center and in a state must not exceed 15% of the total number of members in the Lok Sabha and the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that state
- 99th CAA, 2014:
- National Judicial Appointment Commission
- 100th CAA, 2015:
- Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh
- 101st CAA, 2017:
- GST
- 102nd CAA, 2018:
- Constitutional status for National commission for backward class(NCBC)
- 103rd CAA, 2019:
- 10 % quota for economically weaker section
The following questions were asked in UPSC and state PCS
1.
Which of the following Constitution Amendment Acts seeks that the size of the
Councils of Ministers at the center and in a state must not exceed 15% of the
total number of members in the Lok Sabha and the total number of members of the
Legislative Assembly of that state, respectively? (UPSC 2007)
(a) 91st
(b) 93rd
(c) 95th
(d) 97th
Answer: a
2.
Which one of the following amendments to the Indian Constitution empowers the
President to send back any matter for reconsideration by the Council of
Ministers? (UPSC 2002)
(a) 39th
(b) 40th
(c) 42nd
(d) 44th
Answer. d
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