Question
Explain the recent trend of international migration.
( UPPSC, UP PCS, 2019, 10 Marks)
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्थानांतरण के अभिनव प्रवृत्तियों की व्याख्या कीजिए |
Answer:
As per the global migration indicator 2018 report, nearly 3.4 % of the global population migrates yearly.
As per the International Migration report of 2019, India topped International emigrants with 17.5 million people living abroad. Mexico and China are the second and third positions respectively.
International migration means a change of residents of people from one country to another country. International migration is happened because of two factors, pull factors such as better opportunities of the destination and push factors such as low opportunities and insecurities of sources.
The following are the recent trend of international migration:
Workforce Migration:
- Trends of the workforce( both skilled and unskilled) migration are from developing to developed countries.
- The largest number of workforce migrants are from India. Mexico and China are the second and third positions respectively.
- The largest hosting country of Migration in the USA, which is about 52 Million.
- Trends of Student migrations are from developing countries to developed countries.
- Asia top in the origin of student migration. Globally, China and India are the first and second positions of the origin of student migration.
- Hosting countries of largest student migration are the USA, UK, France, Australia.
Forceful migration or refugee:
- Trends of forceful migration are from politically unstable countries to developing neighboring countries.
- At present, the largest refugees are originated from Syria and the politically most unstable countries are Syria, Afghanistan, Myanmar, and some African Countries.
- Pakistan is the largest Afghan refugee holder. Turkey, Uganda, and Germany are the other largest refugee holders countries.
Illegal or migration smuggling:
- Undocumented migration is called illegal migration or smuggling.
- Trends of Illegal migration are from underdeveloping, developing countries to developing and developed countries.
- India and the USA have the largest number of illegal migrants.
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