Explain the relationship between the net reproduction rate( NRR) and the true replacement level of the population.
(UPSC geography optional paper 1 2019, 10 Marks)
Section: Demographic attributes ( Population and Settlement Geography)
Answer:
The following are major population fertility attributes:
- Total fertility rate
- Net reproduction rate
- Replacement fertility rate
- Sub-replacement fertility rate
- True replacement level of the population
The average number of children that would be born to women by her entire lifetime is called the total fertility rate.
For example,
- The average number of children per woman in India is 2.24 in 2017, hence the total fertility rate in India would be 2.24 in 2017.
- The total fertility rate in the USA was 1.77 in 2017.
- It is an average number of a girl child during the entire lifetime of women.
- The net reproduction rate in India was 1.06 in 2015 and it gradually decreased from 1.88 in 1970.
- As per the UN, 1.09 the daughter per woman is considered as a replacement level of the population. Less than 1 is considered below replacement level.
- If the fertility rate of a country is 2.1 that it will be called replacement fertility rate because at this rate population will exactly be replaced by the next generation.
- It is a fertility rate below the replacement fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman in developed countries.
- It is a total fertility rate that would make a stable population for the longer run, no increment, and no decrement of the population.
- True replacement level of population means having 2.1 total fertility rate and 1.09 net reproduction rate
- Less than 1 net reproduction rate is considered as below replacement level.
- More than 1.09 net reproduction rate is considered as the over replacement level of population
Source: The Hindu
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