Table of Contents:
- UPSC Previous Years question related to Relief and drainage
- Comparison between Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular rivers
- Comparison between East flowing and west flowing rivers of Peninsular India
UPSC Previous Years question related to Relief and drainage:
- The drainage pattern in Peninsular India is a result of its geological structure and topography. ( UPSC 2017).
- Elucidate the characters of the Himalayan river. ( UPSC 1991)
- Explain the drainage characteristics of peninsular India. ( UPSC 1994)
- Examines the origin and characteristics of the antecedent's drainage system of Himalayan: (UPSC 1996)
- Highlights the salient difference between the Himalayan and peninsular drainage systems. (UPSC 2003, 2008)
- Explains the shifting of river course and river capturing in the Himalayas: (UPSC 2016)
- Present the salient features of the west-flowing river of India. ( UPSC, 2019)
Comparison between Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular rivers:
- Origin:
- The origin of Himalayan rivers is generally mountains and glaciers whereas the origin of Peninsular rivers is generally highlands and plateau.
- Water availability:
- Himalayan rivers are perennial in nature whereas Peninsular rivers are generally seasonal in nature.
- Drainage pattern:
- Himalayan rivers generally formes dendritic patterns whereas peninsular rivers generally formed radial and rectangular patterns.
- Drainage types:
- The Himalayan river is an example of antecedent types whereas the peninsular river is an example of consequent river types.
- Basin:
- The Himalayan river formed a large basin whereas the peninsular river formed a relatively smaller basin.
- Himalayan rivers have long coarse, rugged topography, plain meanders, and shifting coarse whereas these characteristics are absent in the peninsular river system.
- The Himalayan river formed a very deep gorge and v-shaped valley whereas Peninsular rivers formed a broad and shallow valley.
- Himalayan rivers are in the youthful stage( only 5-40 million years old) whereas peninsular rivers are in the older stage( more than 40 million years old) with a graded profile.
- The Himalayan river formed a very large delta whereas generally delta is absent or formed a small delta on the mouth.
Comparison between East flowing and west flowing rivers of Peninsular India:
East and west-flowing rivers, both originated from the highlands of peninsular India either Aravali, Amarkantak hill, or the Western Ghats. However, the following are some differences:
- East-flowing rivers are relatively longer in length as compared to west-flowing rivers.
- East-flowing river discharge water in the Bay of Bengal whereas west-flowing river discharge water in the Arabin sea.
- East-flowing rivers have lower relief( slope) as compared to the west-flowing river.
- East-flowing rivers generally do not make a waterfall whereas west-flowing rivers generally make a waterfall. For example, Jog waterfall is the second-highest waterfall( after Nohkalikai waterfall of Meghalaya) in India which is formed by the west-flowing Sharavati river.
- The East flowing river has a larger basin as compared to the west-flowing river.
- East-flowing river forms a delta whereas west-flowing river does not form a delta on their mouth, they form estuaries.
- East-flowing rivers have generally had well-defined tributaries whereas west-flowing rivers do not have tributaries.
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