What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity is measured by two things:- The number of species found there; the higher the number of species higher the diversity.
- Range of different life forms( bacteria, fungi, fern, flowering plants, insects, birds, reptiles, etc); higher the range of different life forms higher the diversity.
Forest are biodiversity hotspots and loss of diversity may lead to loss of ecological stability
As per Conventional International, There are two strict criteria for a region to become Bio-Diversity Hot Spots; these are:
As per the above two criteria, at present, there are 35 biodiversity hot spots in the world, and 4 out of 35 are also located in India.
The following are 4 Biodiversity hotspot of India:
Himalayas:
Indo Burma region
Western Ghats :
Sunderland
- Must have 1500 species of endemic plants or more than 0.5 % of total plant species.
- It must have lost at least 70 % of the total original habitat.
As per the above two criteria, at present, there are 35 biodiversity hot spots in the world, and 4 out of 35 are also located in India.
The following are 4 Biodiversity hotspot of India:
- Himalayas
- Indo Burma region
- Western Ghats
- Sunda land
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| Biodiversity hot spots of India |
Himalayas:
- Regions:
- Himalayan region of Pakistan, India, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar
- Features:
- Home of many large birds, Mammal such as vulture, tiger, rhinos
Indo Burma region
- Regions
- North East India except Assam,
- Andaman Islands
- Myanmar
- Thailand,
- Laos,
- Vietnam,
- Cambodia
- Features:
- Home of endemism freshwater turtle
Western Ghats :
- Region:
- The entire Western Ghats from Gujarat to Tamil Nadu
- Sri Lanka.
- Features:
- The region is home of a larger number of plants varieties
- home of lion-tailed Macaque
- Asiatic Elephant
Sunderland
- Region:
- Nicobar groups of Islands
- Indonesia
- Malasia
- Brunei
- Philippines
- Features:
- Huge habitat losses for Plantation cultivation such as Palm oil
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