1. Answer the following questions.
(i) What is an ecosystem?
Answer:
It is a system formed by the interaction between living organisms with each other and with their immediate physical and chemical factor of the environment. The system is linked by the transfer of energy and material.
Examples of the ecosystem: Pond ecosystem, rainforest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem.
(ii) What do you mean by natural environment?
Answer:
The natural environment is formed by natural things of biotic ( i.e. plants and animals) and abiotic ( i.e, water, air, etc) components. It has four components:
- Lithosphere
- Atmosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Biosphere
(iii) Which are the major components of the environment?
Answer:
There are three major components of the environment:
- Natural Components
- Human-made components
- Human environment
Natural Components are further divided into four components:
- Lithosphere
- Atmosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Biosphere
(iv) Give four examples of a human-made environment.
Answer:
The following are four environments made by human:
- Houses
- Industries
- Parks
- Roads
(v) What is the lithosphere?
Answer:
The lithosphere is the solid part of the environment made up of rocks and the upper crust of the earth.
Components of the lithosphere are soil, mountains, plateau, plains, etc.
(vi) Which are the two major components of the biotic environment?
Answer:
The following are two components of the abiotic environment:
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
(vii) What is the biosphere?
Answer:
The convergence zone of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere when lives are found is called the biosphere.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?
(a) Desert
(b) Aquarium
(c) Forest
Answer:
b) Aquarium
(ii) Which is not a component of the human environment?
(a) Land
(b) Religion
(c) Community
Answer:
a) Land
(iii) Which is a human-made environment?
(a) Mountain
(b) Sea
(c) Road
Answer:
c) Road
(iv) Which is a threat to the environment?
(a) Growing plant
(b) Growing population
(c) Growing crops
Answer:
b) Growing population
3. Match the following.
(i) Biosphere (a) blanket of air that surrounds the earth
(ii) Atmosphere (b) domain of water
(iii) Hydrosphere (c) gravitational force of the earth
(iv) Environment (d) our surroundings
(e) a narrow zone where land water and air interact
(f) the relation between the organisms and their surroundings
Answer:
(i) Biosphere (e) narrow zone where land water and air interact
(ii) Atmosphere (a) blanket of air that surrounds the earth
(iii) Hydrosphere (b) domain of water
(iv) Environment (d) our surroundings
4. Give reasons.
(i) Man modifies his environment
Answer:
Earlier, humans depended on the environment for their needs and adapted as per surrounding nature. With time, human needs grew and humans learn to change and use the environment. man learned to grow crops, domesticate an animal, the industrial revolution, and the evolution of technology. This led to polluting the environment as well as the unsustainable level of exploitation.
Human has modified the environment in the following ways:
- Water Pollution
- Air Pollution
- Climate change and global warming
- Deforestation and soil pollution
(ii) Plants and animals depend on each other
Answer:
Yes, they are dependent on each other as:
- Plants provide food and oxygen to animals.
- The animal provides Carbon dioxide (Co2) and helps in pollination to crops.
- Animal and plants both help in the recycling of the waste generated by each other and play role in the bio-geo-chemical cycle.
5. Activity.
Imagine an ideal environment where you would love to live. Draw the picture of your ideal environment
Answer:
The following are characteristics of an ideal environment:
- No pollution in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and soil.
- Minimum human and animal conflict.
- Healthy plant and animals
- Each component of the environment getting sufficient basic needs.
- Very complex food web.
- Optimum human population
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