Question.
Describe the functional classification of cities. (UPPSC, 2020, 15 marks)
Answer.
From the Indian point of view, cities are large and important urban centers where more than 75% of the male population is involved in non-primary activities. Cities are not built in a day and have multiple functionalities due to their long historical background, so it would be difficult and inaccurate to classify cities on the basis of a single function. However, many scholars such as Nelson, Harish, and Mitra attempted to generalize and classify cities on the basis of functionalities.
Following are the functional classification of cities:
- Manufacturing City
- Raksha City
- Education City
- Cultural City
- Public administration City
- Transport and Communication City
- Finance and Insurance City
- Port City
- Mining City [eg. Dhanbad, Singrauli, etc.]
- City of various functions
Manufacturing City:
- Some cities are developed after the establishment of the manufacturing industry.
- For example, Bokaro Steel City, Bhilai, Renukoot, etc are manufacturing cities.
Defense City:
- Some cities have ports, cantonments, barracks, naval centers, and these cities are called defense cities.
- For example, Ambala, Jamnagar, Jodhpur, Visakhapatnam, etc.
Education City:
- Some cities are characterized by education centers, coaching, etc. are classified as education cities.
- For example, Kota, Roorkee, etc.
Cultural City:
- Varanasi, Prayag Raj, Gaya etc are cultural cities.
Administrative city:
- Some cities like Lucknow, Mumbai, Ranchi, etc. have administrative functions and can be classified as administrative cities.
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