Question.
Name the two sectors of the cotton textile industries. How are they different?
(NCERT class 12 geography, India People and Economy, Chapter-8-Manufacturing Industries)
Answer.
The cotton textile industry is the largest agri-based industry in India. On the basis of size, capital investment, and labor force employed, industries are classified as large, medium, small, and cottage industries. In ancient and medieval times, most of the cotton textiles came under the cottage industry.
After independence, the cotton textile industry has been classified into two sectors-
- Organized sector
- Unorganized Sector (Decentralized Sector)
Following are the differences between organized sectors and unorganized sectors of the textile industry:
In the organized sector power loom is the main instrument for making the cloth while in the unorganized sector, both handlooms (khadi) and power looms (electric looms) are used to make the cloth.
In the 1950s, the share of the organized sector was 81 percent of the total textile production, and in the 2000s share get reduced to 6 percent. Organized sectors have shifted their production to synthetic fibers from cotton, while the production of cotton under the unorganized sector has increased rapidly.
Even in the unorganized sector, more power looms (electric looms) are used for production than handlooms.
Under the unorganized sector, the power looms (electric looms) produce more than 59 percent of the handloom output.
Handlooms produce about 19 percent of all cotton fabric produced in the country.
The cotton textile industry was one of the traditional industries in India and India was famous for the production of muslin, fine varieties of cotton cloth, calicos, chintz, and various other fine cotton fabrics.
Cotton is a "pure" raw material that does not lose weight in the manufacturing process, so other factors such as power, labor, skill, capital, and markets determine the location of the textile industries which are found in almost all states. Textile industries are located in almost all the states where one or more location factors have been favorable.
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