Question.
What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
( Chapter - 1 -Resources and Development, Cass X NCERT Contemporary India -II )
Answer.
Alluvial soil is found on the river deltas of the eastern coast.
Alluvial soil is spread over the largest area of India which covers about 40 percent of the total geographical area of India. The alluvial soil is spread over the Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. Apart from the Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra basin, it is also found in the plains of the eastern part of Rajasthan, the plains of Gujarat, and the delta region of the eastern coast.
Three main characteristics of alluvial soils:
Alluvial soils have the following three main characteristics:
Alluvial soil is very fertile as it contains a good proportion of sand, silt, and clay; And it has sufficient potash, phosphorus, and lime content. Due to its fertility, it is suitable for growing crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane, gram, peas, and pulses.
According to age, alluvial soils are classified into two types – new alluvial soils and old alluvial soils. New alluvial soil is also called Khadar. It has fine particles and is best suited for intensive cultivation. Old alluvial soil is also called Bangar. It consists of coarse particles of soil.
Alluvial soils are more alkaline in arid regions and can be produced after proper treatment and irrigation.
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