Question.
Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
( Chapter - 4 Climate, Cass 9 NCERT Contemporary India -I )
Answer.
Although the climate of India is described as a monsoon-type climate, there is regional variation in the climatic conditions of India, despite the unity in the general pattern of the monsoon. Let us understand the regional variation in the climatic condition of India with respect to two main elements of climate - temperature and rainfall.
Regional Variations in Temperature Conditions of India:
In summer, the day temperature in some parts of the Rajasthan desert reaches 50 degrees centigrade whereas in Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir the day temperature barely reaches 20 degrees centigrade.
In winter, the night temperature in Drass in Jammu and Kashmir is minus 45 degrees centigrade, while the night temperature in Thiruvananthapuram is around 22 degrees centigrade.
The coastal regions experience less variation in temperature conditions while the seasonal variation in temperature is greater in the interior of the country.
There is a wide variation in day and night temperature in the Thar desert as day temperature rises up to 50 degrees centigrade and night temperature falls to about 15 degrees centigrade whereas day and night temperature in Andaman and Nicobar Islands or Kerala There is hardly any difference.
Regional Variation in Rainfall Conditions of India:
There is wide regional variation in the type, intensity, and duration of precipitation.
Precipitation is mostly in the form of snow in the higher reaches of the Himalayas while the rest of the country receives precipitation in the form of rain.
The annual rainfall in Meghalaya is more than 400 cm while in Ladakh and western Rajasthan it is less than 10 cm.
Most of the country receives rainfall through the southwest monsoon from June to September, while the Coromandel Coast [Tamil Nadu coast] receives rainfall through the northeast monsoon from October to November.
In the northern plains, rainfall decreases from east to west.
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