Table of contents:
- About the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
- Functions and power of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
- Challenges for India in getting a permanent seat at United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
- Is India a powerful claimant of permanent membership in the Security Council? Give a reasoned answer
About the United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the principal organs of the United Nations (UN). Its primary responsibility is to maintain international peace and security.
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has 15 member states, with five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.
Functions and power of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has several important functions and holds significant powers.
The following are some key functions of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
Maintenance of International Peace and Security:
The primary function of the UNSC is to maintain international peace and security.
Peacekeeping:
The UNSC can authorize peacekeeping missions to help stabilize regions affected by conflict. These missions often involve deploying UN troops to monitor ceasefires, protect civilians, and facilitate humanitarian aid.
Imposing Sanctions:
The UNSC can impose economic or military sanctions on countries that violate international law or threaten peace and security. These sanctions can include trade embargoes, travel bans, and freezing assets.
Authorization of Military Force:
In cases where peaceful means fail to resolve a crisis, the UNSC can authorize the use of military force to restore or maintain peace.
Conflict Resolution:
The UNSC plays a pivotal role in mediating and resolving conflicts through diplomacy and negotiation. It can call for ceasefires, peace talks, and the implementation of peace agreements.
Admission of New UN Members:
The UNSC has the authority to recommend the admission of new UN member states.
The following are some key powers of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
Veto Power:
The five permanent members of the UNSC (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) hold veto power, which means that any one of them can block a substantive resolution. This power is used by permanent members to protect their own interests or the interests of their allies.
Decision-Making Authority:
The UNSC's decisions are legally binding on all UN member states, and it has the authority to make decisions on a wide range of international issues, including peace and security.
Challenges for India in getting a permanent seat at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
India wants a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), however, there are many challenges:
Resistance from China:
The current five permanent members (P5) of the UNSC (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) have historically been resistant to expanding the permanent membership, as it would dilute their individual power and influence. However, as far as the veto power of India is concerned the main resistance comes from China.
Geopolitical Rivalries:
Geopolitical rivalries, especially between India and China, have complicated India's members for a permanent seat. China has consistently opposed India's candidacy, viewing it as a regional competitor and it aim to maintain its dominance in Asia.
India faces competition within its region, particularly from Pakistan. Pakistan has also expressed its desire for a permanent seat, and this rivalry can lead to regional dynamics influencing the decision-making process.
Reform Deadlock:
The broader issue of reforming the UNSC itself has been deadlocked for years. Member states have differing views on how to expand the UNSC, including the number of new permanent members, their selection criteria, and veto powers.
Political and Diplomatic Efforts:
India needs to engage in sustained diplomatic efforts to garner support from a wide range of countries, including the five permanent members (P5), to build a consensus for its candidacy.
Question.
Is India a powerful claimant of permanent membership in the Security Council? Give a reasoned answer.
( UPPSC Mains General Studies-II/GS-2 2019)
Answer.
Yes, India is considered a powerful claimant for permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). There are several reasons to support this claim:
Large Population and Economy:
India is the world's most populous country and is 5th largest economy globally. It is a major player in the global economic landscape and plays a significant role in shaping global policies and trade.
Peacekeeping Contributions:
India has been actively involved in UN peacekeeping operations and has contributed significantly to maintaining peace and stability in various conflict zones around the world. It has one of the largest contingents of peacekeeping troops among all UN member states.
Democratic Values and Multiculturalism:
India is the world's largest democracy, and its commitment to democratic values and multiculturalism is recognized globally. It can provide a unique perspective and contribute to decision-making on critical global issues.
Regional Influence:
India is a regional power in South Asia and holds strategic importance in the geopolitics of the region. Its geographic location, size, and military capabilities make it a key player in addressing regional security issues.
Nuclear Power Status:
India is a nuclear-armed country and possesses a credible nuclear deterrence. Its responsible nuclear posture and record have been acknowledged by the international community.
Growing Global Influence:
India's global influence and diplomatic reach have been increasing steadily over the years. It actively engages in international forums and initiatives and participates in global discussions on key issues, such as climate change, sustainable development, and counterterrorism.
In conclusion, India's claim for permanent membership in the UNSC is grounded in its geopolitical significance, contributions to international peacekeeping, democratic values, and growing global influence. While the claim has received widespread support from many nations, but, China is still opposing India's permanent membership in the UNSC.
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