1. The term ecosystem was coined by
a) A G Tansley
b) E Haeckel
c) E Warming
d) E P Odum
Answer. a) A G Tansley.
Sir Arthur George Tansley coined the term Ecosystem in 1935.
2. The term ecology was coined by
a) A G Tansley
b) E Haeckel
c) E Warming
d) E P Odum
Answer. b) E Haeckel coined ecology.
zoologist Ernst Haeckel coined ecology term.
3. The 10 % energy transfer law of the food chain in the ecosystem was given by
a) Lindemann
b) Tansley
c) Stanley
d) Weismann
Answer. a) Raymond Lindemann gave the ten percent law in 1942
4. Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem? ( UPPSC 2013)
a) Desert
b) Mountain
c) Ocean
d) Forest
Answer. c. Ocean
5. Which one of the following is the largest ecosystem in the world? ( UPPSC 2014)
a) Ocean
b) Grassland
c) Forest
d) Mountains
Answer. a. Ocean.
6. Which of the following statements is a correct statement? ( UPPSC 2015)
a) Energy flow in the biospheric ecosystem is unidirectional.
b) Energy flow in the biospheric ecosystem is cyclic.
c) relative loss of energy in the natural ecosystem decreases with increasing trophic levels.
d) Species at progressively higher trophic levels appear to be less efficient in using available energy.
Answer. a;
7. What is true of the ecosystem?
a) Primary consumers are least dependent upon producers
b) Primary consumers outnumber producers
c) Producers are more than primary consumers
d) Secondary consumers are the largest and most powerful
Answer. c) Producers are more than primary consumers
8. Which one of the following is not correct about the ecosystem? ( UPPSC 2015)
a) It comprises both biotic and abiotic components.
b) It has its own productivity
c) It is a closed system.
d) It is a natural resource system.
Answer. c;
9. Which of the following is not responsible for the increase in the biodiversity of an ecosystem? ( UPPSC 2015)
a) Productivity of the ecosystem
b) Intermediate disturbance
c) Age of ecosystem
d) less number of tropic levels
Answer. d
10. Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem? ( UPPSC 2016)
a) Rice field
b) Forest
c) Grassland
d) Lake
Answer. a. Rice Field.
11. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the cropland ecosystem?
a) Absence of weeds
b) Ecological succession
c) Absence of soil organisms
d) Least genetic diversity
Answer. d) Least genetic diversity
12. Which one of the following ecosystems has the maximum plant biomass? ( UPPSC 2017)
a) Tropical deciduous forest
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Temperate deciduous forest
d) Desert shrubs
Answer. b;
Tropical rainforest ecosystems have maximum plant biomass.
13. Which ecosystem has the maximum biomass?
a) Grassland ecosystem
b) Pond ecosystem
c) Lake ecosystem
d) Forest ecosystem
Answer. d) Forest ecosystem
14. Which one of the following ecosystem types has the highest annual net primary productivity?
a) Tropical deciduous forest
b) Temperate evergreen forest
c) Temperate deciduous forest
d) Tropical rainforest
Answer. d) Tropical rainforest
15. About 70 % of total global carbon is found in
a) Oceans
b) Forests
c) Grasslands
d) Agroecosystems
Answer. a) Oceans
16. Which one of the following is the correct order of biological organization ranging from organism to biosphere? ( UPPSC 2017)
a) Population -> Ecosystem -> Community -> Landscape
b) Landscape -> Community -> Ecosystem -> Population
c) Population --> Community --> Ecosystem --> Landscape
d) Population -> Landscape -> Community -> Ecosystem
Answer. c.
17. When a population shares its environment and interacts with a population of other species, it is called
a) Biome
b) Ecosystem
c) Community
d) Species
Answer. c) Community
18. In which of the following ecosystems the species diversity is relatively higher? ( UPPSC 2018)
a) Deep-sea
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Coral reefs
d) Desert
Answer. c
19. Which of the following ecosystems has the highest gross primary productivity?
a) Mangroves
b) Rainforest
c) Grassland
d) Coral reef
Answer. b) Rainforest
20. The mass of living matter at the tropic level in an area at any time is called
a) Standing crop
b) Detritus
c) Humus
d) standing status
Answer. a) Standing crop
21. The Mass of living material at a trophic level at a particular time is called
a) Net Primary productivity
b) Standing crop
c) Gross primary productivity
d) Standing state
Answer. b) Standing crop
22. In an ecosystem, the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is termed as
a) Secondary productivity
b) Net productivity
c) Net Primary productivity
d) Gross primary productivity
Answer. d) Gross primary productivity
23. In relation to the Gross Primary productivity and Net Primary productivity of an ecosystem, which one of the following statements is correct?
a) Gross primary productivity is always less than Net Primary productivity
b) Gross Primary productivity is always more than Net Primary Productivity
c) Gross Primary productivity and Net Primary productivity are one and the same
d) There is no relationship between Gross Primary productivity and Net Primary Productivity
Answer. b) Gross Primary productivity is always more than Net Primary Productivity
24. Which of the following is expected to have the highest value ( gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
a) Secondary production
b) Tertiary production
c) Gross production( GP)
d) Net Production ( NP)
Answer. c) Gross production( GP)
25. The biomass available for consumption by the Herbivores and the decomposers is called
a) Net Primary productivity
b) Secondary productivity
c) Standing crop
d) Gross primary productivity
Answer. a) Net Primary productivity
26. Secondary productivity is the rate of formation of new organic matter by
a) Consumers
b) Decomposers
c) Producers
d) Parasites
Answer. a) Consumers
27. Which is the most stable ecosystem? ( UPPSC 2018)
a) Marine (ocean)
b) Forest
c) Mountain
d) Desert
Answer. a
28. In an ecosystem, which one shows a one-way passage?
a) Free energy
b) Carbon
c) Nitrogen
d) Potassium
Answer. a) Free energy
29. The amount of energy during the transfer from one tropic level to another in an ecosystem. ( UPPSC 2019)
a) Increase
b) Decreases
c) Remain constant
d) May increase or decrease.
Answer. b;
30. The vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a biotic community is known as
a) Zonation
b) Pyramid
c) Divergence
d) Stratification
Answer. d) Stratification
31. The movement of nutrient elements through the various components of an ecosystem is called ( UPPSC 2020)
a) Bio-geo-chemical cycle
b) Bio-geological cycle
c) Ecological succession
d) Biological cycle
Answer. a; Biogeochemical cycle.
32. Which of the following is not a functional unit of an ecosystem?
a) Energy flow
b) Decomposition
c) Productivity
d) Stratification
Answer. d) Stratification
33. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion(A) and the other as Reason(R): ( UPPSC 2021)
Assertion(A): Various components of an ecosystem are not interdependent.
Reason (R): Human activities have impacts on the environment.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer. D;
34. An example of a Lotic Ecosystem is ( UPPSC 2023)
a) Ponds
b) Swamps
c) Rivers
d) Marshy area
Answer. c) Rivers are running water ( Lotic ) ecosystems.
35. Maximum solar energy is trapped by
a) Planting trees
b) Cultivating crops
c) Growing algae in tanks
d) Growing grasses
Answer. c) Growing algae in tanks
36. A very efficient converter of solar energy with a net productivity of 204 kg/m2 or more is the crop
a) Wheat
b) Sugarcane
c) Rice
d) Bajra
Answer. b) Sugarcane
37. Which of the following is a primary consumer in the maize field ecosystem?
a) Grasshopper
b) Wolf
c) Phytoplankton
d) Lion
Answer. a) Grasshopper
38. The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are
a) Green algae
b) Chemosynthetic bacteria
c) Bluegreen algae
d) Coral reefs
Answer. b) Chemosynthetic bacteria
39. Most animals that live in deep oceanic waters are
a) Tertiary consumers
b) Detritivores
c) primary consumers
d) secondary consumers
Answer. b) Detritivores
40. Of the total incident solar radiation, the proportion of PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) is
a) about 70 %
b) about 60 %
c) less than 50 %
d) more than 80 %
Answer. c) less than 50 %
41. What is the reason for the highest biomass in aquatic ecosystems?
a) Nano plankton, blue green algae, and green algae
b) Seagrass and slime molds
c) Benthic and brown algae
d) Diatoms
Answer. c) Benthic and brown algae
42. The dominant second trophic level, in a lake ecosystem, is
a) Phytoplankton
b) Zooplankton
c) Benthos
d) plankton
Answer. b) Zooplankton
43. The upper part of the aquatic ecosystem contains?
a) Plankton
b) Nekton
c) plankton and nekton
d) Benthos
Answer. a) Plankton
44. The middle part of the aquatic ecosystem contains?
a) Plankton
b) Nekton
c) plankton and nekton
d) Benthos
Answer. b) Nekton
45. The bottom part of the aquatic ecosystem contains?
a) Plankton
b) Nekton
c) plankton and nekton
d) Benthos
Answer. d) Benthos
46. Which of the following ecological pyramids is generally inverted?
a) Pyramid of biomass in a sea
b) Pyramid of numbers in grassland
c) Pyramid of energy
d) Pyramid of biomass in a forest
Answer. a) Pyramid of biomass in a sea
47. The upright pyramid of numbers is absent in
a) Pond
b) Forest
c) lake
d) Grassland
Answer. b) Forest
48. Which one of the following statements for the pyramid of energy is incorrect?
a) Its base is broad
b) It shows the energy content of different trophic-level organisms
c) It is inverted in shape
d) It is upright in shape
Answer. c) It is inverted in shape
49. Which one of the following is not used for the construction of ecological pyramids?
a) Fresh weight
b) Dry Weight
c) Number of individuals
d) Rate of energy flow
Answer. a) Fresh weight
50. Pyramid of numbers deals with the number of
a) Species in an area
b) individuals in a community
c) individuals at a trophic level
d) subspecies in a community
Answer. c) individuals at a trophic level
51. The pyramid of numbers in a pond ecosystem is
a) irregular
b) Inverted
c) Upright
d) Spindle-shaped
Answer. c) Upright
52. Which of the following would appear as the pioneer organisms on bare rocks?
a) Mosses
b) Green algae
c) Lichens
d) Liverworts
Answer. c) Lichens
53. During ecological succession
a) the numbers and types of animals remain constant
b) the changes lead to a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment and is called a pioneer community
c) the gradual and predictable change in species composition occurs in a given area
d) the establishment of a new biotic community is very fast in its primary phase
Answer. c) the gradual and predictable change in species composition occurs in a given area
54. Secondary succession takes place on/in
a) newly created pond
b) newly cooled lava
c) bare rock
d) degraded forest
Answer. d) degraded forest
55. Match the following and select the correct answer.
List I
A. Earthworm
B. Succession
C. Ecosystem service
D. Population growth
List II
1. Pioneer Species
2. Detritivore
3. Natality
4. Pollination
Codes:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 4 1 3 2
c) 3 2 4 1
d) 2 1 4 3
Answer. d) 2 1 4 3
56. The entire sequence of development stages of biotic succession from pioneer to climax community is known
a) Primary succession
b) Secondary succession
c) Sere
d) Ecological Pyramid
Answer. c) Sere
57. Match the following:
List I ( Types of Sere)
A. Hydrosere
B. Xerosere
C. Lithosere
D. Psammosere
List II
1. Succession in aquatic habitat.
2. Succession in dry habitat.
3. Succession on a bare rock surface.
4. Succession initiating on sandy areas.
Codes:
A B C D
a) 4 3 2 1
b) 3 4 1 2
c) 1 2 3 4
d) 2 1 3 4
Answer. c) 1 2 3 4
Halosere: Succession starting in saline soil or water.
Senile: Succession of microorganisms on dead matter.
Eosere: Development of vegetation in an era.
58. Both hydrarch and Xerarch successions lead to
a) Medium water conditions
b) Xeric conditions
c) Highly dry conditions
d) Excessive wet conditions
Answer. a) Medium water conditions
59. An ecosystem that can be easily damaged but can recover after some time if the damaging effect stops will be having
a) low stability and high resilience
b) high stability and low resilience
c) low stability and low resilience
d) high stability and high resilience
Answer. a) low stability and high resilience
60. The transition zone between two distinct communities is known as( UPPSC 2012)
a) Ecotype
b) Ecade
c) Ecosphere
d) Ecotone
Answer. d) Ecotone
61. The minimum area of the land required to completely sustain the life of one person is called this? ( UPPSc 2012)
a) Biota
b) Ecological footprint
c) Biome
d) Niche
Answer. b) Ecological footprint
62.
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