1. According to Plato, what is the highest form of reality?
a) Physical objects
b) Political power
c) The Forms or Ideas
d) Sensory experience
Answer: c) The Forms or Ideas
Plato believed in the Theory of Forms — abstract, perfect, and unchanging ideas (like justice, goodness) that represent true reality. Ethics is about aligning our actions with these forms.
2. What does Plato's concept of the "tripartite soul" include?
a) Logic, memory, and imagination
b) Law, order, and justice
c) Reason, Spirit, and Appetite
d) Duty, Emotion, and Intellect
Answer: c) Reason, Spirit, and Appetite
Plato divided the soul into three parts: Reason (rational thinking), Spirit (will/emotion), and Appetite (desires). Ethics arises from the proper balance of these, guided by reason.
3. In Plato's ideal state, who should rule?
a) The wealthiest individuals
b) The elected representatives
c) The warrior class
d) The philosopher-kings
Answer: d) The philosopher-kings
Plato believed only philosophers, who understand the true nature of justice and the Good, are fit to rule a just society.
4. What is Plato’s definition of justice in both the individual and the state?
a) Equal distribution of resources
b) Obedience to laws
c) Harmony, where each part performs its function
d) Suppression of personal desires
Answer: c) Harmony, where each part performs its function
For Plato, justice means that each part of the soul or class in society performs its appropriate role without interfering with others’ functions.
5. What role does education play in Plato’s ethical framework?
a) It is secondary to wealth
b) It ensures economic growth
c) It is essential to develop virtue and knowledge of the Good
d) It teaches military discipline
Answer: c) It is essential to develop virtue and knowledge of the Good
Plato viewed moral education as essential for shaping the soul and promoting ethical living. It helps individuals understand justice and act virtuously.
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