Question:
Name five ecosystem functions that serve humans.
(Chapter 1, Class 8 Social Science, NCERT )
Answer.
An ecosystem is a community of living things (plants, animals, humans) interacting with non-living things (air, water, soil, sunlight). Ecosystems are very important because they perform many functions that directly support human life.
These helpful activities are called ecosystem functions or ecosystem services.
The following are five main ecosystem functions that serve humans:
1. Providing Clean Air (Oxygen Production & Air Purification)
Plants and forests act like the lungs of the Earth.
Trees release oxygen, which we breathe.
They absorb harmful gases like carbon dioxide and pollution.
They improve air quality and reduce global warming.
Example:
The Amazon rainforest and other forests help keep the air clean.
2. Supplying Fresh Water
Ecosystems play a major role in the water cycle.
How they help humans:
Forests help in rainfall formation.
Wetlands and rivers store water.
Soil filters dirty water naturally.
Example:
Rivers like the Ganga and forests in the Himalayas provide water for drinking and farming.
3. Supporting Food Production
Ecosystems provide the basic resources needed to grow food.
How they help humans:
Soil fertility supports crop growth.
Bees and insects help in pollination.
Fisheries and forests provide food.
Example:
Agricultural ecosystems in India produce wheat, rice, fruits, and vegetables.
4. Regulating Climate and Weather
Ecosystems help maintain a balanced climate.
How they help humans:
Forests control temperature.
Oceans absorb heat.
Trees reduce floods and storms.
Example:
Mangrove forests protect coastal areas from cyclones.
5. Recycling Nutrients and Waste Decomposition
Nature has its own cleaning system.
How they help humans:
Microorganisms break down waste.
Dead plants and animals turn into nutrients.
Soil becomes fertile again.
Example:
Earthworms and bacteria help maintain soil health.
Ecosystems perform many important functions that make human life possible. They provide clean air, water, food, climate balance, and waste recycling. Protecting ecosystems is essential for our survival and for future generations.
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