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Indian Rivers arrangement, its Tributaries, and its origin

What is the Perennial River?

Perennial rivers are those rivers that do not dry in any season. The source of the perennial river is generally glacier.
As per origin, there are two types of rivers:

  • Himalayan Origin or Perennial river
  • Non-Himalayan Origin or Non-perennial river



Himalayan Origin:


The major Himalayan-origin rivers are from West to East in sequential order:


1: Indus River: ( Source: lake Mansarovar, Kailas range Tibet)
    • Right bank tributaries ( from North to South):
      • Shyok (origin: Rimo glacier near Siachin glaciers)
      • Gilgit
      • Kabul
      • Gamal
    • Left bank tributaries (from north to south):
      • Jhelum (Origin: Verinag in J&K)
      • Chenab (Bara  lacha pass in Ladakh region)
      • Ravi ( Rohtang pass in Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh)
      • Beas( origin: Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh)
      • Satluj( origin: Lake Rashastal in Tibet, near Mansarovar lake)
2: Ganga river
  • Left Bank Tributaries (from west to east)
    • Ramganga
    • Gomati
    • Ghaghara
    • Sharda or Kali
    • Gandak
    • Kosi
  • Right bank tributaries (from west to east)
  • Yamuna
    • Chambal
    • Ken
    • Betwa
  • Son

3.Brahmaputra river systems:
  • The Yarlung Tsangpo is called in Tibet.
  • The Siang is called in Arunachal Pradesh.
  • Left bank tributaries: (from east to west)
    • Lohit
    • Dibang
  • Right bank tributaries: (from east to west)
    • Subansiri
    • Kameng
    • Manas
    • Sankosh  river
    • Teesta rivers



Non-Himalayan Origin:


There are two types of rivers based on the flow direction:

  • East flowing rivers or discharging in the Bay of Bengal
  • West flowing rivers or discharging in the Arabian Sea

East Flowing River :( from North to south arranged)

1. Mahanadi (Source . Amarkantak)
2. Godavari River: ( origin: Triambakeshwar, Maharashtra)
  • States: Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha).
  • Left bank tributaries:
    •  kadva, Shivana, Indravati, Sabri
  • Right bank tributaries: 
    • Nasardi, Sindphana, Manjira, Manair, Kinnerasani
3. Krishna river

  • Source( near Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra)
  • States: Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
  • Left tributaries: 
    • Bhima, dindi, mushi , Paleru, munneru
  • Right tributaries:
    •  Venna, koyana, panchganga, dudhganga,ghatprabha, malprabha, Tungabhadra.

4. Penna
5. Cauvery river :
  • Origin: Talacauvery in Karnataka.
  • Left:
    •  Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathy
  • Right:
    •  Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Noyola, Amarawat


6. Vaigai


West flowing rivers:( from North to south arranged)



  • Luni
  • Sabarmati (Gujarat)
  • Mahi 
  • Narmada: Source ( Amarkantak. Between Vidhya and Satpura
  • Tapi river: origin Maikal range, flow between Satpura and Ajanta range
  • Periyar River (Origin in  Tamil Nadu and the main river of Kerala)


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