Types of Majority in Parliament

The following types of majorities in parliament:

Simple Majority: 

It is also called the working majority, it is of more than 50 % present and voting. For example, if the total strength of parliament is 545, but while voting of the bill only 100 members are present then(rest are absent, vacant), only 51 members will be sufficient for a simple majority. Most of the bills such as:

• Money bill
• Ordinary bill
• To elect speaker and deputy speaker of Lok sabha
• To declare a financial emergency
• To remove voice president, a simple majority is needed in Lok sabha 
• Different Motions like the motion of thanks, adjournment motion, no confident motion, creation of the new state, are passed by a simple majority.

Absolute Majority

more than 50 % of total house strength( including vacant, absent, etc). If the house of strength is 500 then the absolute majority will be 251.

Effective Majority

More than 50 % of house member strength( excluding vacant and including absent), For example, if total house strength is 545, 45 are vacant seats, and 100 are decided to abstain then the effective majority will be=(545-45)/2+1=251.
The effective majority is needed for:

• Removal of speaker and deputy speaker of Lok sabha.
• Removal of vice president and deputy chairman in Rajya sabha

Special Majority

Any majority other than simple, effective, and absolute is called a special majority.

Special majority of 2/3rd present and voting:

• It needed Rajya Sabha to empower parliament to make the state list law.

Special majority: 2/3rd of total strength:

• Require in the impeachment of President

Special majority: 2/3rd present and voting + absolute majority

• For national emergency declaration
• Impeachment  Supreme, and high court judges
• Removing CAG and Chief election commissioner(CEC)
• Passing constitutional amendment which not affecting the federal structure( if it affects the federal structure then at least 50 % of state ratification is needed by simple majority)
• Needed in state assemble to abolish the state legislative council

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