Describe the Major Trends of Urbanization in India.
( UPPSC, UP PCS, 2019, 15 Marks)
à¤ारत में नगरीकरण की प्रमुख प्रवृत्तियों का वर्णन कीजिये।
Answer:
Urbanization means a population shift from rural settlement to urban settlement. Historically, urbanization starts with the start of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Hence at present, 75 % of people live in urban areas in Europe, but the same is not true in the case of India.
In India, at present 3 out of 10 people lives in urban areas. Historically, India was an agrarian economy and most of the population lived in rural areas.
People pull towards urban areas in the hope of better living standards, better job opportunities, better education, and medical facilities. Urbanization can also be linked with the level of development. More urban areas, more development. The rapid development of India started after 1991, hence a major increase in urban population can be seen after 1991.
The following activities support urbanization trends:- Expanding private cities by private companies.
- Special economic zone
- Transportation and communication development
- Industrial corridor
- 100 Smart cities development
- AMRUT and HRIDAY mission
- Nation Housing Scheme
The following data show the level of urbanization in India in the past.
As per the Population Census data of India, the following are the major trends of urbanization.
 |
| Trends of Urbanization in India |
- 1911: 10 % , urban population
- 1951: 17.1 %
- 1991: 25.7 %
- 2001: 27.8 %
- 2011: 31.1 %.
- 2019: 34% ( estimated)
As per the 2011 census, the urban population was 377 million with 2.76 % per annum growth recorded from 2001 to 2011 as compared to 2.75 % per annum growth from 1991 to 2001.
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