Give an account of Major Biodiversity hot spots of India.
( UPPSC, UP PCS, 2019, 15 Marks)
à¤ारत के प्रमुख जैव विविधता हॉट स्पॉट का विवरण दीजिये।
Answer:
As per Conventional International, There are two strict criteria for a region to become Bio-Diversity Hot Spots; these are:
- Must have 1500 species of endemic plants or more than 0.5 % of total plant species.
- It must have lost at least 70 % of the total original habitat.
As per the above two criteria, at present, there are 35 biodiversity hot spots in the world, and 4 out of 35 are also located in India.
The following are 4 Biodiversity hotspot of India:
- Himalayas
- Indo Burma region
- Western Ghats
- Sunda land
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| Biodiversity hot spots of India |
Himalayas:
- Regions:
- Himalayan region of Pakistan, India, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar
- Features:
- Home of many large birds, Mammal such as vulture, tiger, rhinos
Indo Burma region
- Regions
- North East India except Assam,
- Andaman Islands
- Myanmar
- Thailand,
- Laos,
- Vietnam,
- Cambodia
- Features:
- Home of endemism freshwater turtle
Western Ghats :
- Region:
- The entire Western Ghats from Gujarat to Tamil Nadu
- Sri Lanka.
- Features:
- The region is home of a larger number of plants varieties
- home of lion-tailed Macaque
- Asiatic Elephant
Sunderland
- Region:
- Nicobar groups of Islands
- Indonesia
- Malasia
- Brunei
- Philippines
- Features:
- Huge habitat losses for Plantation cultivation such as Palm oil
For a detailed explanation, watch the below video:
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