Bottom topography of the Indian ocean UPSC |Oceanography | Physical Geography

About the Indian Ocean:

• The Indian Ocean is the only ocean named after a country that is named after India.
• It is the third largest ocean after the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
• Geologically, in the past, when there was no Indian Ocean, then India, Australia, Madagascar, and Africa were connected by one. This is proved in zig fit in Wegener's theory
• A geological rift between the African Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate has led to the spread of the Indian Ocean.
• Later about 80 million years ago, the Indian Plate broke away from the Australian Plate; Today India (North) and Australia (South-East) lie on both sides of the Indian Ocean.

 Border of Indian Ocean:

• In the north, the Indian Ocean extends from the Red Sea (North-West) to Malaysia (North-East).
• In the west, the Indian Ocean extends from the Red Sea to Cape Agulhas in South Africa.
• In the east, the Indian Ocean stretches from Singapore to Australia.

Bottom topography of the Indian Ocean :

The following images explain the bottom topography of the Indian Ocean:

Indian Ocean Ridges:

The following are three major ridges in the Indian Ocean:

• Carlsberg ridge lies east of the Reunion and Seychelles Islands.
• Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge lies nearly the middle of the Indian Ocean.
• Ninety degrees East ridge; separates the Indian plate and Australian Plate. 

Major Islands in The Indian Oceans:

• Seychelles
• Mauritius
• Reunion Island
• Madagascar
• Crozet Islands
• Lakshadweep islands group
• Maldives
• Sri Lanka
• Andaman and Nicobar
• Cocos Islands

Trenches in the Indian Ocean:

• Sunda Trench. It is the deepest trench in the Indian Ocean which is located near Sumatra.
• Diamantina Trench; separates Australia from the Antarctica continent.

You may like also:

• Bottom topography of the Indian Ocean
• Configuration of Ocean floor
• Bottom topography of the Pacific Ocean
• Bottom topography of the Atlantic Ocean 
• समुद्रतल का उच्चावच स्वरूप | महासागरीय अधस्तल का उच्चावच UPSC
• अटलांटिक महासागर की निचली स्थलाकृति | अटलांटिक महासागर की अधस्तल का उच्चावच 
• प्रशांत महासागर की निचली स्थलाकृति | प्रशांत महासागर की अधस्तल का उच्चावच 
• हिंद महासागर की निचली स्थलाकृति

Try to solve the following questions:

• Describe the relief features of the Indian Ocean floor. ( 65th BPSC geography)
• Describe the relief features of the Indian Ocean floor. ( 60-62nd BPSC geography)

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