1. Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends?
Answer:
The following are two factors:
- Relief ( Altitudes, slopes, and thickness of soils)
- Climate( Precipitation and temperature)
(ii) Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?
Answer:
The following are three broad categories:
- Shrubs ( grow in the dry region)
- Grasslands ( grow where moderate rainfall)
- Forests( grow where having sufficient rainfall and temperature)
(iii) Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in the tropical evergreen forests.
Answer:
Rosewood, Mahogany, and Ebony
(iv) In which part of the world is tropical deciduous forest found?
Answer:
In the subtropical region between 10 degrees north and south to 30 degrees north and south where the altitude is not more than 600 meters.
Examples, are the Savana biome in Africa, the Monsoon forest in India, Northern Australia, and Central America.
(v) In which climatic conditions are citrus fruits cultivated?
Answer:
Mediterranean climate. ( dry summer and rainy winter)
It is found on the west coast of the continental margin found in:
- Around the Mediterranean sea in Europe.
- South West Africa
- California in the USA
- South Western South America
- South West Australia
(vi) Mention the uses of coniferous forest.
Answer:
Coniferous forests ( found in the higher latitude and altitudes also called taiga forests) are widely used for commercial purposes such as paper and pulp industry, matchbox, and packaging as it is a kind of softwood tree.
Examples of Coniferous trees; Chir, Pine, cedar,
(vii) In which part of the world is seasonal grassland found?
Answer:
Temperate( found in the mid-latitude zone and interior part of continents) and tropical grasslands ( found on either side of the equator and tropic areas) are seasonally found in the following region.
- Prairies in USA and Canada
- Steppe in Central Eurasia
- Pampas in Argentina
- Llanos in Venezuela ( tropical grassland)
- Compos in Brazil ( Tropical grassland)
- Downs in Australia
- Veld in South Africa
- Savana in Africa ( tropical grasslands)
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Mosses and Lichens are found in:
(a) Desertic Vegetation
(b) Tropical evergreen forest
(c) Tundra vegetation
Answer:
c) Tundra Vegetation
(ii) Thorny bushes are found in:
(a) Hot and humid tropical climate
(b) Hot and dry desertic climate
(c) Cold polar climate
Answer:
b) Hot and dry desertic climate
(iii) In the tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is:
(a) Monkey
(b) Giraffe
(c) Camel
Answer:
a) Monkey
(iv) One important variety of coniferous forest is:
(a) Rosewood
(b) Pine
(c) Teak
Answer:
b) Pine
(v) Steppe grassland is found in
(a) S. Africa
(b) Australia
(c) Central Asia
Answer:
c) Central Asia
3. Match the following.
(i) Walrus (a) Softwood tree
(ii) Cedar (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest
(iii) Olives (c) A polar animal
(iv) Elephants (d) Temperate grassland in Australia
(v) Campos (e) Thorny shrubs
(vi) Downs (f) A citrus fruit
(g) Tropical grassland of Brazil
Answer:
(i) Walrus (c) A polar animal
(ii) Cedar (a) Softwood tree
(iii) Olives (f) A citrus fruit
(iv) Elephants (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest
(v) Campos (g) Tropical grassland of Brazil(e) Thorny shrubs
(vi) Downs (d) Temperate grassland in Australia
4. Give reasons.
(i) The animals in the polar region have thick fur and thick skin.
Answer:
To adapt and sustain, and protect themself from cold temperatures, animals in the polar region have thick fur and thick skin.
(ii) Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season.
Answer:
To conserve moisture, tropical deciduous tree shed their leaves in the dry season.
(iii) The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.
Answer:
- Types and thickness of vegetation are dependent on the relief( altitude, slope, and thickness of soil) and climatic factors. Thick vegetation is found in those regions where sufficient rainfall happens. For example, the Equatorial region, the foothill of the mountain.
- Thorny and low vegetation is found in desert regions, polar regions, and higher altitudes because of low precipitation and adverse temperature.
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