Question.
What are the main factors for the location of villages in desert regions?
(NCERT class 12 geography, India People and Economy, Chapter 4: Human Settlement.)
Answer.
A village is a rural settlement where most of the people are involved in primary activities which are based on fertile land. Village settlements mainly depend on physical characteristics like fertile land, availability of water, good climate, and safe from natural calamities.
In the desert region, the location of the village mainly depends on the availability of water sources as water is a very scarce resource in the desert region. Compact rural settlements are settled near water resources (such as Oasis) for efficient use of water.
For example, in oasis landforms, there is a dense rural settlement because they are able to grow plantation crops such as dates and are able to raise their animals there.
Apart from water resources, the following other factors also determine the location of villages in desert areas:
- It also affects the availability of infrastructures like roads, canals, health, and education. For example, people in the Rajasthan region prefer to live on the banks of the Indira Gandhi Canal.
- Climatic factors such as the amount of rainfall and aridity also affect the location of villages in desert areas. Rainfall also occurs in the desert region but the rainfall pattern is highly uneven over time and space. People like to live where there is less dryness.
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