Question.
How are the floods in Eastern India different from the ones in Western India?
(Chapter 7 Natural Hazards and Disasters, Class 11 NCERT geography "India Physical Environment")
Answer.
Flood is a hydrological disaster. Unlike other disasters, floods are relatively slow and occur only in well-identified areas and within the expected time of year.
According to the National Flood Commission, about 40 million hectares of land in India are in the grip of floods. Following are the differences between floods in eastern India and western India.
The flood in eastern India is different from the flood in western India in the following way:
Eastern India receives more frequent floods in a year than western India because eastern India receives more rainfall than western India.
Floods are more severe in eastern India than in western India, causing considerable damage to life and property.
Assam, West Bengal, and Bihar are the high flood areas in eastern India while Punjab, eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Haryana are the high flood areas in western India.
River water overflow (due to heavy monsoon rains and heavy sedimentation of river channels) is the major cause of floods in eastern India, while flash floods (heavy rains within a short period) are the major cause of floods in western India.
Cyclones are the major cause of flooding in east coast states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha, while except in Gujarat, cyclones are not the major cause of floods in western India.
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