India Physical Environment
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1. India — Location
1.
If you work out the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India, they are roughly about 30 degrees, whereas the actual distance measured from north to south extremity is 3,214 km, and that from east to west is only 2,933 km. What is the reason for this difference?
2.
What is the use of the standard meridian?'
3.
Why 82°30'E has been selected as the ‘standard meridian’ of India
4.
Name a few places in India through which the standard meridian passes?
5.
Find out the names of the countries which are larger than India.
6.
Name the countries that are included in the Indian subcontinent
7.
Differentiate between a Gulf and a Strait.
8.
Do you think that physical barrier is a hindrance in interaction with our neighboring countries in modern times? Give some examples of how we have overcome these difficulties in the present day.
9.
Does India need to have more than one standard time? If yes, why do you think so?
10.
What are the implications of India having a long coastline?
11.
How is the latitudinal spread of India advantageous to her?
12.
While the sun rises earlier in the east, say Nagaland, and also sets earlier, how do the watches at Kohima and New Delhi show at the same time?
13.
On a graph paper, plot the number of districts in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Goa, Kerala, and Haryana. Does the number of districts have some relationship with the area of the state?
14.
Which state amongst Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, Arunachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Rajasthan, and Jammu and Kashmir is the most thickly populated, and which one is the least densely populated?
15.
Identify the states with coastal boundaries.
16.
Arrange the states from west to east which has only land boundaries.
17.
List the Union Territories which have the coastal locations.
18.
How do you explain the variation in the area and population of NCT Delhi and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
19.
On graph paper draw a bar diagram to show the area and population of all the Union Territories.
UNIT II: PHYSIOGRAPHY
Chapter 2. Structure and Physiography
1.
If a person is to travel to Lakshadweep, from which coastal plain does he prefer and why?
2.
Where in India will you find a cold desert? Name some important ranges of this region
3.
Why is the western coastal plain is devoid of any delta?
4.
Make a comparison of the island groups of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
5.
What are the important geomorphological features found in the river valley plains?
6.
If you move from Badrinath to Sunderbans delta along the course of the river Ganga, what major geomorphological features will you come across?
7.
Make a list of major Himalayan peaks from the west to the east with the help of an atlas.
Chapter 3. Drainage System
1.
Why does the Kosi river bring such a huge quantity of sediments from the upper reaches?
2.
What are the positive and negative effects of flooding?
3.
Name the states which are drained by the river Yamuna.
4.
Find out some important west-flowing rivers of Maharashtra.
5.
Find out the name of the river on which the Gersoppa (Jog) fall is found.
6.
State the differences between River Basin and the Watershed.
7.
State the differences between the Dendritic and Trellis drainage patterns.
8.
State the differences between Radial and Centripetal drainage patterns.
9.
State the differences between Delta and Estuary
10.
What are the socioeconomic advantages of the interlinking of rivers in India?
11.
Write three characteristics of the Peninsular river.
12.
What are the important characteristic features of north Indian rivers? How are these different from Peninsular rivers?
13.
Suppose you are traveling from Haridwar to Siliguri along the foothills of the Himalayas. Name the important rivers you will come across. Describe the characteristics of any one of them.
14.
Which river has the largest proportion of catchment area in the country?
15.
Make a comparative bar diagram on graph paper to show the length of the courses of the rivers.
UNIT III: CLIMATE, VEGETATION, AND SOIL
Chapter 4. Climate
1.
What are the three important factors which influence the mechanism of Indian weather?
2.
What is the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone?
3.
What is meant by ‘bursting of monsoon’? Name the place in India which gets the highest rainfall.
4.
Define ‘climatic region’. What is the basis of Koeppen’s classification?
5.
Which type(s) of cyclones cause rainfall in north-western India during winter? Where do they originate?
6.
Notwithstanding the broad climatic unity, the climate of India has many regional variations. Elaborate on this statement by giving suitable examples.
7.
How many distinct seasons are found in India as per the Indian Meteorological Department? Discuss the weather conditions associated with any one season in detail.
8.
On the outline map of India “Areas of winter rain”.
9.
On the outline map of India “Areas having less than 15°C temperature in January”
10.
On the outline map of India “ Areas having variability of rainfall over 50 percent “
11.
On the outline map of India-“Isohyte of 100 cm”
12.
The outline map of India shows the wind direction during the summer season.
Chapter 5. Natural Vegetation
1.
How do you differentiate between natural vegetation and planted vegetation?
2.
What is natural vegetation? Under what climatic conditions are tropical evergreen forests develop?
3.
What do you understand by social forestry?
4.
Define Biosphere reserves?
5.
What is the difference between forest area and forest cover?
6.
What steps have been taken up to conserve forests?
7.
How can people’s participation be effective in conserving forests and wildlife?
8.
On the outline map of India, mark “Areas having Mangrove forests”
9.
On the outline map of India, mark “Biosphere reserves of Nanda Devi, Sunderbans, Gulf of Mannar and Nilgiri”.
10.
On the outline map of India, mark “the location of Forest Survey of India Head Quarter.”
Chapter 6. Soils
1.
What is soil?
2.
What are the main factors responsible for the formation of soil?
3.
Mention the three horizons of a soil profile.
4.
What is soil degradation?
5.
What is the difference between Khadar and Bhangar?
6.
What are black soils? Describe their formation and characteristics.
7.
What is soil conservation? Suggest some measures to conserve soil.
8.
How do you know whether a particular type of soil is fertile or not? Differentiate between naturally determining fertility and culturally induced fertility
9.
On an outline map of India mark the areas covered by the “Red soil”.
10.
On an outline map of India mark the areas covered by the “Laterite soil”.
11.
On an outline map of India mark the areas covered by the “Alluvial soil”.
UNIT IV: NATURAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT
Chapter 7. Natural Hazards and Disasters
1.
What is a disaster?
2.
When can a hazard become a disaster?
3.
Why are there more earthquakes in the Himalayas and in the northeastern region of India?
4.
What are the basic requirements for the formation of a cyclone?
5.
How are the floods in Eastern India different from the ones in Western India?
6.
Why are there more droughts in Central and Western India?
7.
Identify the Landslide-prone regions of India and suggest some measures to mitigate the disasters caused by these.
8.
What is vulnerability? Divide India into natural disaster vulnerability zones based on droughts and suggest some mitigation measures.
9.
When can developmental activities become the cause of disasters?
Thank You!
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