Question.
Discuss the major components of population growth.
( Chapter - 6 Population, Cass 9 NCERT Contemporary India -I )
Answer.
The population is a dynamic process; The number, distribution, and composition of the population keep on changing. Population growth refers to the change in the population of any geographical area during a specific period of time such as one year or ten years.
There are three major components of population growth:
- Birth Rate
- death rate
- migration
Population growth = birth rate – death rate + in-migration – out-migration.
About Birth Rate and Death Rate:
Birth increases the population while death decreases the population.
The positive difference between the live birth rate and the death rate is called the natural increase in population.
The birth rate is the number of live births per thousand of the population and is one of the three major components of population growth.
The death rate is the number of deaths per thousand of the population and is one of the three major components of population growth. Improvement in health facilities and food security has resulted in a rapid decline in the death rate in India which has led to a population explosion in India.
About Migration:
Migration is the third component of population growth. Migration is the movement of people from one area to another. Migration can be internal (within the country) or external (between countries). Internal migration does not change the population of a country but affects the distribution of the population.
Net migration is the difference between the number of people moving in and out of geographic areas.
Migration plays a very important role in changing the composition and distribution of the population.
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