Question.
Discuss the challenges of National Security in the age of Globalisation.
(UPPSC, UP PCS Mains General Studies-III/GS-3 2018)
Answer.
Globalization has brought countries closer and made them more interdependent with each other. Globalization has enhanced connectivity, economic interdependence, and cultural exchange. Globalization has presented both opportunities and challenges for national security.
The following are some challenges to national security in the age of globalization:
Trans boundaries Threats:
Globalization has facilitated the rise of transboundary threats such as terrorism, organized crime, cyberattacks, and the spread of infectious diseases.
These threats are often difficult to address by individual countries and require international cooperation, and intelligence sharing to effectively address them.
Economic interdependence :
The interdependence of global economies has made nations vulnerable to economic disruptions. For example, a recession in Europe affects the Indian economy negatively.
Events like financial crises, trade disputes, or disruptions in the global supply chain can have far-reaching implications for national security.
Ensuring economic resilience and safeguarding critical infrastructure becomes crucial for national security.
Information Warfare:
The proliferation of digital technologies and social media platforms has enabled information warfare and disinformation campaign against the national interest may undermine national security.
Enemy countries or any other countries can exploit the globalization channel to spread propaganda, manipulate public opinion, and disrupt social cohesion.
Countering this propaganda and ensuring the integrity of information sources becomes a significant challenge.
Borderless Cyber Threats:
The digital age has given rise to cyber threats that can originate from anywhere in the world, making it challenging to defend against cyber attacks.
Hackers can target critical infrastructure, government systems, or private sector entities, posing risks to national security and economic stability.
Migration and Refugee Crises:
Globalization has made it easy to move migration and refugee movements. Flooding of refuge and migration can disturb social structures, create demographic challenges, and potentially expose nations to security risks.
In conclusion, globalization poses many challenges to national security. International cooperation, intelligence sharing, and collaboration among nations are vital. Enhancing cybersecurity capabilities, investing in intelligence agencies, strengthening border controls, promoting good governance, and fostering resilience in critical infrastructure are some of the strategies that nations need to apply to tackle the challenges that arise due to globalization.
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