Short Notes on Vitamins, Minerals, and Vitamin Deficiency Disease;
Vitamins are organic substances whereas minerals are both organic and inorganic substances. Both [ vitamins and minerals] are essential for the overall growth of the human body.
There are two types of vitamins:
Water-soluble vitamins: vitamin B and vitamin C are water-soluble vitamins.
Fat-soluble vitamins: All vitamins except vitamin B and vitamin C are fat-soluble.
About Vitamin A:
The chemical name : Retinol:
Diseases: There are mainly two diseases caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, namely Night blindness [ Nyctalopia] and Keratomalacia/Xerophthalmia ( dryness on the outer layer of the eyeball).
Food sources of vitamin A: Carrots, broccoli, fish, egg, milk, green leaf vegetables, etc.
About Vitamin B Group:
The following are the chemical and scientific names of the vitamin B group complex:
B1: Thiamine [ deficiency disease-Beriberi].
B2: Riboflavin [ deficiency disease-bad skin]
B3: Niacin
B4: Adenine
B5: Pantothenic
B6: Pyridoxin
B7: Biotin
B9: Folate; folic acid for brain development.
B10: PABA[ Para aminobenzoic acid]
B12: Cobalamins ( deficiency disease-anemia)
About Vitamin B1( Thiamin):
Deficiency Diseases: Beri-Beri, weak muscles.
Food sources: Sweet Potato, beans, milk, dates, fresh fruits, beef, liver, yeast, and vegetables.
About Vitamin C:
The chemical name of vitamin C is "Ascorbic acid".
Deficiency Diseases:
Scurvy and Gingivitis.
In Scurvy, the wound takes a longer time to heal.
Food sources of vitamin C:
Citrus fruits, Amla, goat milk, etc.
About Vitamin D:
The chemical name of vitamin D is "Calciferol".
Deficiency Diseases:
Rickets (weak bones) in children and Osteomalacia ( bone disease) in adults.
Sources of vitamin D:
Sunlight, Egg, milk, fish, etc.
About vitamin E:
The chemical name of vitamin E is "Tocopherol".
Deficiency Diseases:
Sterility, heart problems, and paralysis.
Food Sources:
Wheat germ, Pumpkin seeds, Green leafy vegetables. milk, nuts, potato, etc.
About Vitamin K:
The chemical name of vitamin K is "Phylloquinone".
Deficiency Diseases:
Not clotting of blood, internal bleeding, and hemorrhage.
Food sources of vitamin K:
Tomato, broccoli, cabbage, fish, nuts, etc.
About Iron mineral:
Deficiency Disease: Anemia
Food Sources:
Leafy vegetables, beetroot, poultry, red meat, pomegranate.
About Iodine mineral-
Deficiency Disease: Goiter
Food Sources:
Marine food, salt, milk, etc.
About Calcium mineral:
Deficiency disease: Weak bones, and teeth decay.
Food Sources:
milk and milk products, nuts, eggs, wheat
About Sodium mineral:
Deficiency Disease: Blood pressure problems
Food Sources:
Salt, Onion, eggs, milk, etc.
About Potassium Mineral:
Deficiency Disease: Weak bones and teeth
Food sources:
Bananas, nuts, pomegranates, chicken, pork, fish, etc.
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