1. With reference to the "EL-NINO", which of the following statement/s is/are correct? ( UPPSC 2023)
1. El Nino involves the appearance of a warm current on the coast of Peru in the eastern Pacific.
2. This warm current increases the temperature of the water on the Peruvian coast by 10 degrees centigrade thereby increasing the amount of Plankton in the sea.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Code:
a) Only 1
b) Both 1 and 2
c) 2 only
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer. a) Only 1
El Nino increases the temperature of the Peruvian coast by 10 degrees, which results in a decrease in the amount of Plankton in the sea and a decrease in fish population.
2. With reference to the El Nino, consider the following statements-
1. El Nino is merely an extension of the warm equatorial current
2. It is used in India for forecasting long-range monsoon rainfall
3. It appears once every three to seven years
Select the correct answer using the code given below
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) 1,2, and 3
Answer. d) 1,2, and 3
All of the above facts are true.
3. The warm water of the central Pacific Ocean slowly drifts towards the South American coast and replaces the cool Peruvian current. Such appearance of warm water off the coast of Peru is known as the -------------.
a) El Nino
b) ENSO
c) La Nina
d) Southern oscillation (SO)
Answer. a) El Nino
4. The El Nino event is closely associated with the pressure changes in the Central Pacific and Australia. This change in pressure conditions over the Pacific is known as the ------------.
a) El Nino
b) ENSO
c) La Nina
d) Southern oscillation (SO)
Answer. d) Southern oscillation (SO)
5. The combined phenomenon of southern oscillation and El Nino is known as --------.
a) El Nino
b) ENSO
c) La Nina
d) Southern oscillation (SO)
Answer. b) ENSO
6. Who discovered the El Nino and Southern Oscillation ( SO)?
a) Gilbert Walker
b) Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis
c) Matthew Fontaine Maury
d) Newton
Answer. a) Gilbert Walker
Matthew Fontaine Maury discovered Ocean current
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis discovered the Coriolis force
Newton discovered tides.
7. With reference to the ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’ sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct? ( UPSC 2017)
1. The IOD phenomenon is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical Western Indian Ocean and the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. An IOD phenomenon can influence El Nino’s impact on the monsoon.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer. b) 2 only
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is defined by the difference in sea surface temperature between two areas (or poles). It measures the temperature difference of ocean of the western Indian Ocean) and the eastern Indian Ocean south of Indonesia.
If IOD is positive (which means the Western Indian Ocean is warmer than the Eastern Indian Ocean at Indonesia), there will be good rains in the Indian subcontinent, otherwise will be draught in the Indian subcontinent.)
8. La Nina is suspected to have caused recent floods in Australia. How is La Nina different from El Nino? ( UPSC 2011)
1. La Nina is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the equatorial Indian Ocean whereas El Nino is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
2. El Nino has an adverse effect on the southwest monsoon of India, but La Nina has no effect on the monsoon climate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer. d) Neither 1 nor 2
La Nina( Little girl ) is the opposite of EL Nino. In La Nina, the Ocean current at Peru's coast is colder than usual year and the ocean current at Eastern Australia is warmer than usual year.
Lal Nina brings more rainfall to India and Australia.
9.
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