History of Oudh ( Uttar Pradesh) ( 1722 to 1856):
The Independent state of Oudh was founded by Saadat Khan in 1722 and lasted up to 1856.
The following were major Nawab of Oudh:
- Saadat Khan (Burhan-ul-mulk)
- Safdar Jung ( Abbdul Mansur)
- Shuja-ud-Doula ( 1754 to 1775)
- Asaf-ud-doula
- Wajid Ali Shah
Saadat Khan (Burhan-ul-mulk):
In 1722, the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah appointed Saadat Khan as governor of Awadh. He gave the title of Burhan Ul Mulk to Saadat Khna.
He was the first Nawab of the State of Awadh, which was a semi-autonomous state, and worked within the Mughal Empire.
He founded the Faizabad city and made the capital of Awadh.
The Muhammad Shah Rangilla appointed Saadat Khan as a mediator to negotiate with the Nadir Shah to convince him not to attack Delhi.
Nadir Shah agreed, and it returned the Emperor's promise to pay huge money to Naadir Shah. However, Muhammad Shah Rangilla did not keep his promise, therefore Nadir Shah attacked Delhi in 1739 and did a massacre, and he took away the renowned Kohinoor and Peacock Throne.
Saadat Khan committed suicide after this event.
Safdar Jung ( Abddul Mansur):
Safdar Jung was the son-in-law of Saadat Khan, he fought Maratha from the side of Ahmad Shah Abdali.
Shuja-ud-Doula ( 1754 to 1775):
During Shuja-ud-Daula's time, the battle of Buxer happened in 1764 between the East Indian Company and the Combined forces of Mughal, Awadh, and Bengal.
The Treaty of Banaras was signed between Shuja-ud-Daula and Warren Hasting in 1773.
Asaf-ud-daula:
Asaf-ud-daula transferred the capital from Faizabad to Lucknow in 1775.
The Bara Immabara was built by Asaf-udDaula in Lucknow. It is a pure Lucknow style and is said to be the world's biggest hall of its kind.
Today, Lucknow is known as the city of Nawab. It is the capital of Uttar Pradesh.
Wajid Ali Shah:
Wajid Ali Shah was the last Nawab ( king) of Awadh.
Lord Dalhousie captured Awadh due to mismanagement or corruption in 1856.
MCQ on History of Awadh ( Oudh):
1. Who was the founder of the Oudh State?
a) Wajid Ali Shah
b) Asaf-ud-doula
c) Saadat Khan
d) Abdul Mansur
Answer. c) Saadat Khan
Saadat Khan founded the Oudh State in 1722.
2. Who was the last Nawab of Oudh ( Awadh) State?
a) Wajid Ali Shah
b) Asaf-ud-doula
c) Saadat Khan
d) Abdul Mansur
Answer. a) Wajid Ali Shah
Lord Dalhousie captured Awadh due to mismanagement or corruption in 1856.
3. Who constructed Bara Immabara in Lucknow?
a) Wajid Ali Shah
b) Asaf-ud-doula
c) Saadat Khan
d) Abdul Mansur
Answer. b) Asaf-ud-doula
Asaf-ud-doula constructed Bara Immabara in Lucknow and also transferred its capital from Faizabad to Lucknow.
4. The Treaty of Banaras was signed in which year?
a) 1756
b) 1773
c) 1775
d) 1856
Answer. b) 1773
The Treaty of Banarash was signed between Shuja-ud-Daula and Warren Hasting in 1773.
5. Which of the following Awadh ( Oudh) Nawab Committed Suicide?
a) Wajid Ali Shah
b) Asaf-ud-doula
c) Saadat Khan
d) Abdul Mansur
Answer. c) Saadat Khan
6.
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