1. Which of the following is an endogenic force responsible for the formation of mountains?
a) Volcanic activity
b) River erosion
c) Wind abrasion
d) Glacier movement
Answer: a) Volcanic activity
Explanation: Endogenic forces originate from within the Earth. Volcanic activity is an internal force that results in the formation of volcanic mountains like Mt. Fuji or Mauna Loa.
2. Weathering and erosion are categorized under which type of force?
a) Tectonic
b) Seismic
c) Endogenetic
d) Exogenetic
Answer: d) Exogenetic
Explanation: Exogenetic forces operate on the Earth’s surface and are driven by external factors like climate. Weathering and erosion are prime examples, reshaping landforms slowly over time.
3. Which of the following is NOT an exogenic process?
a) Mass wasting
b) Earthquake
c) Erosion
d) Weathering
Answer: b) Earthquake
Explanation: Earthquakes originate from tectonic movements beneath the Earth’s surface and are thus classified as endogenic processes.
4. What is the primary driving force behind endogenic processes?
a) Gravitational energy
b) Earth’s internal heat
c) Solar radiation
d) Atmospheric pressure
Answer: b) Earth’s internal heat
Explanation: The Earth's internal heat, due to radioactive decay, pressure, and residual heat, drives processes like volcanism and tectonic activity.
5. Which of the following landforms is formed mainly due to exogenetic processes?
a) Rift valley
c) Fold mountain
c) Delta
d) Volcanic cone
Answer: c) Delta
Explanation: A delta is formed by river deposition at the mouth of a river, making it a result of exogenic processes.
6. Folding of rocks is a result of which type of force?
a) Erosional
b) Compressive endogenic force
c) Tensile exogenic force
d) Attritional force
Answer: b) Compressive endogenic force
Explanation: Folding occurs when rock layers are compressed due to internal Earth forces, forming structures like the Himalayas.
7. Which of the following is a direct result of exogenetic force action over geological time?
a) V-shaped valleys
b) Volcanic mountains
c) Earthquake faults
d) Rift zones
Answer: a) V-shaped valleys
Explanation: V-shaped valleys are carved by river erosion, which is a surface process driven by exogenic forces.
8. Which of the following correctly pairs a landform with the dominant process responsible for its formation?
a) Plateau – River erosion
b) Fold mountain – Weathering
c) Canyon – River erosion
d) Delta – Volcanism
Answer: c) Canyon – River erosion
Explanation: Canyons like the Grand Canyon are formed by long-term river erosion cutting deep into the land surface.
9. Mass movement is influenced by:
a) Only gravity
b) Only tectonic forces
c) Only water flows
d) Gravity and slope angle
Answer: d) Gravity and slope angle
Explanation: Mass movement (like landslides) is driven by gravity but is significantly influenced by slope gradient, material composition, and water saturation.
10. What differentiates endogenetic and exogenetic forces in landform development?
a) The time scale of their activity
b) Their chemical composition
c) Their impact on climate
d) Their source of energy
Answer: d) Their source of energy
Explanation: Endogenetic forces derive energy from within the Earth (e.g., geothermal energy), while exogenetic forces are powered by external sources like the sun (e.g., weathering due to solar heating).
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