1. Which geomorphic agent is responsible for the formation of a V-shaped valley?
a) Glacier
b) River
c) Wind
d) Sea waves
Answer: (b) River
Rivers erode vertically in their youthful stage and form V-shaped valleys. For example, many Himalayan rivers like the Ganga, the Brahmaputra, and the Yamuna formed deep V-shaped valleys in the Himalayan region.
2. Which erosional landform is also known as "river gorge"?
a) Meander
b) Canyon
c) Delta
d) Levee
Answer: (b) Canyon
A canyon is a deep, narrow valley with steep sides carved by river erosion (e.g., the Grand Canyon of the USA formed by the Colorado River).
3. Mushroom rocks are formed mainly due to:
a) River erosion
b) Glacial erosion
c) Wind abrasion
d) Wave erosion
Answer: (c) Wind abrasion
Sand-laden winds erode the lower part of the rocks more intensely, producing mushroom-shaped rocks.
5. Yardangs are associated with:
a) Coastal regions
b) Desert regions
c) Glacial regions
d) Karst regions
Answer: (b) Desert regions
Yardangs are elongated ridges carved by persistent wind erosion in deserts.
6. Which landform is also known as the "sinkhole" in karst topography?
a) Cirque
b) Doline
c) Yardang
d) Esker
Answer: (b) Doline
A doline is a depression formed by the dissolution of limestone.
Karst topography develops predominantly in rocks composed of Limestone.
7. A cirque is an erosional feature produced by:
a) Wind
b) River
c) Glacier
d) Sea waves
Answer: (c) Glacier
A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression formed at the head of a glacier.
8. Which of the following is NOT an erosional landform?
a) Canyon
b) Cirque
c) Delta
d) Yardang
Answer: (c) Delta
A delta is a depositional landform formed by rivers.
9. Inselbergs are formed in which region?
a) Karst landscapes
b) Desert landscapes
c) Coastal landscapes
d) Glacial landscapes
Answer: (b) Desert landscapes
An inselberg is an isolated residual hill rising abruptly from an arid plain.
10. Consider the following statements:
1. Erosion involves the removal and transportation of weathered material.
2. Weathering involves the transportation of rock debris.
3. Rivers, glaciers, wind, and waves are agents of erosion.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Statement 1 is correct: Erosion includes removal and transport.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Transportation is not part of weathering.
Statement 3 is correct: Rivers, glaciers, wind, and sea waves are major agents of erosion.
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