1. Which type of volcano is the largest volcano on Earth?
a) Composite Volcano
b) Caldera Volcano
c) Shield Volcano
d) Cinder Cone
Answer: (c) Shield Volcano
1. Shield volcanoes: the largest volcanoes ( formed by highly fluid basaltic lava). The Hawaiian volcanoes are classic examples. The Deccan Traps of India were also formed by a flood basalt province.
2. Most explosive volcano: Caldera Volcano.
2. Which of the following volcanic landforms is formed when magma cools horizontally within the Earth's crust?
a) Dyke
b) Sill
c) Batholith
d) Laccolith
Answer: (b) Sill
Sill: when magma intrudes between rock layers and cools in a horizontal direction within the crust.
Dyke: Vertical magma intrusion
Batholith: Largest intrusive igneous body.
Laccoliths: smaller, localized, mushroom or dome-shaped intrusions
3. The Deccan Trap of India is an example of:
a) Shield Volcano
b) Composite Volcano
c) Flood Basalt Province
d) Caldera Volcano
Answer: (c) Flood Basalt Province
The Deccan Trap was formed by an extensive outpouring of highly fluid basaltic lava and is one of the world's largest flood basalt provinces.
4. The "Ring of Fire" is mainly associated with which ocean?
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Arctic Ocean
c) Indian Ocean
d) Pacific Ocean
Answer: (d) Pacific Ocean
1. About 75% of the world's active volcanoes and nearly 90% of earthquakes occur around the Pacific Ring of Fire.
2. Around 400 of the world's 500 known volcanoes are concentrated around the Pacific Ring of Fire, making it the most active volcanic belt on Earth.
5. The highest active volcano in the world is ------
a) Mount Fuji
b) Cotopaxi
c) Ojos del Salado
d) Mount Etna
Answer: (c) Ojos del Salado
Ojos del Salado (Argentina–Chile border) in the Andes mountains is the world's highest active volcano, with an elevation of about 6,893 m
6. The highest peak of Africa is ---
a) Mount Kenya
b) Mount Kilimanjaro
c) Mount Elgon
d) Mount Cameroon
Answer: (b) Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) is a dormant volcanic mountain and the highest peak of Africa (5,895 m).
7. Which volcano destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in AD 79?
a) Etna
b) Stromboli
c) Vesuvius
d) Pinatubo
Answer: (c) Vesuvius
Mount Vesuvius (Italy) erupted in AD 79 and buried Pompeii and Herculaneum under volcanic ash.
8. Which of the following volcanoes is known as the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean"?
a) Etna
b) Vesuvius
c) Stromboli
d) Hekla
Answer: (c) Stromboli
Stromboli (Italy) has almost continuous volcanic activity, making it visible to sailors for centuries
9. Mount Fuji, a famous stratovolcano, is located in:
a) Indonesia
b) Philippines
c) Japan
d) China
Answer: (c) Japan
Mount Fuji is Japan's highest peak (3,776 m) and an iconic dormant stratovolcano.
10. Europe's most active volcano is located in which country?
a) Greece
b) Italy
c) Spain
d) Portugal
Answer: (b) Italy
Mount Etna, situated on the island of Sicily, is Europe's most active volcano.
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