1. Which of the following describes weathering:
a) Transportation of rocks by rivers
b) Breakdown and decomposition of rocks
c) Deposition of sediments
d) Formation of mountains
Answer: b) Breakdown and decomposition of rocks
Weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of rocks at or near the Earth's surface without transportation.
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of weathering?
a) Physical weathering
b) Chemical weathering
c) Biological weathering
d) Transportational weathering
Answer: d) Transportational weathering
Weathering is classified into three types, namely, physical (mechanical), chemical, and biological weathering.
3. Exfoliation is commonly associated with:
a) Chemical weathering
b) Biological weathering
c) Mechanical weathering
d) River erosion
Answer: c) Mechanical weathering
Exfoliation occurs due to repeated heating and cooling, causing outer rock layers to peel off like onion skins.
4. Which of the following climatic regions experiences the most intense chemical weathering?
a) Hot and humid regions
b) Cold desert regions
c) Polar regions
d) Temperate grasslands
Answer: a) Hot and humid regions
High temperature and abundant moisture accelerate chemical reactions.
5. Carbonation is a process mainly associated with:
a) Granite weathering
b) Limestone weathering
c) Basalt weathering
d) Quartz weathering
Answer: b) Limestone weathering
Carbonic acid dissolves calcium carbonate in limestone, producing karst topography.
6. Frost action (freeze-thaw weathering) is most effective in:
a) Equatorial regions
b) Monsoon regions
c) Desert regions
d) Mountainous cold regions
Answer: d) Mountainous cold regions
Water enters cracks, freezes, expands, and breaks rocks apart.
7. Which of the following is an example of biological weathering?
a) Oxidation
b) Hydration
c) Root action
d) Carbonation
Answer: c) Root action
Plant roots penetrate rock joints and widen them, causing rock disintegration.
8. Oxidation weathering is most common in rocks containing:
a) Silica
b) Aluminium
c) Iron
d) Calcium
Answer: c) Iron
Iron-bearing minerals react with oxygen to form iron oxides (rusting).
9. Which one of the following landforms is primarily associated with chemical weathering?
a) Inselberg
b) Karst topography
c) Yardang
d) Mushroom rock
Answer: b) Karst topography
Karst features such as sinkholes, caves, and stalactites form through the solution of limestone.
10. Consider the following statements:
1. Weathering is an exogenic process.
2. Weathering involves the transportation of weathered materials.
3. Weathering contributes to soil formation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: c) 1 and 3 only
Statement 1 is correct: Weathering is an exogenic geomorphic process.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Transportation is not part of weathering; it is part of erosion.
Statement 3 is correct: Weathering is a major process in soil formation.
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