1. L.C. King's model of landform development is primarily based on the study of:
a) Appalachian Mountains of North America
b) Alps of Europe
c) Semi-arid and arid regions of Africa
d) Himalayan Mountains
Answer: (c) Semi-arid and arid regions of Africa
L.C. King developed his model after studying the semi-arid and arid landscapes of southern Africa, where pediments and pediplains are well developed.
2. L.C. King's theory of slope development is ?
a) Slope Decline
b) Slope Replacement
c) Parallel Retreat of Slopes
d) Cyclic Slope Growth
Answer: (c) Parallel Retreat of Slopes
According to King, hill slopes retreat parallel to themselves, maintaining nearly the same angle while moving backward.
3. Which geomorphic process is the dominant mechanism in L.C. King's model?
a) Glacial erosion
b) Fluvial erosion
c) Marine erosion
d) Aeolian erosion
Answer: (b) Fluvial erosion
King emphasized running water (fluvial action) as the principal agent responsible for pediment formation and slope retreat.
4. Which of the following is the final landform produced in L.C. King's cycle of erosion?
a) Peneplain
b) Pediplation
c) Pediplain
d) Monadnock
Answer: (b) Pediplation
Continuous parallel retreat causes adjoining pediments to merge, producing a broad Pediplanation Surface.
5. According to L.C. King, an ideal hillslope consists of how many major components?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
Answer: (c) Four
King's ideal hillslope consists of the summit, Scarp (Free Face), Debris Slope, and Pediment.
6. Which one of the following is not correctly matched with the concept of slope development?
a) W.M. Davis — Slope Decline
b) Walther Penck — Slope Replacement
c) L.C. King — Parallel Retreat
d) Strahler A — Slope Replacement
Answer: d) Strahler A — Slope Replacement
W.M. Davis → Slope Decline
Walther Penck → Slope Replacement
L.C. King → Parallel Retreat
Strahler A did not propose the cycle of erosion.
7. In L.C. King's model, pediplanation is formed mainly by:
a) Vertical river erosion
b) Successive volcanic eruptions
c) Merger of several pediments
d) Glacial deposition
Answer: (c) Merger of several pediments
A Pediplain develops when numerous pediments merge together through continued parallel slope retreat.
8. How many stages are in the LC king cycle of erosion?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer. b) 3
L.C. King recognized three major stages in his model of landform development:
Tectonic uplift and vertical river erosion
Lateral erosion leading to pediment formation
Coalescence of pediments to form a Pediplain (Pediplanation)
9. According to L.C. King, the angle of hill slopes during erosion generally:
a) Continuously decreases
b) Continuously increases
c) Remains nearly constant during retreat
d) Changes randomly with climate
Answer: (c) Remains nearly constant during retreat
In parallel retreat, the slope angle remains nearly unchanged, while the slope shifts backward.
10. Consider the following statements regarding L.C. King's model:
1. It emphasizes the parallel retreat of slopes.
2. The ultimate landform is Pediplanation.
3. It was developed mainly from studies of semi-arid Africa.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2, and 3
All three statements are correct and represent the core concepts of L.C. King's Pediplanation Theory.
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