1. Which is the first Biosphere Reserve established in India?
a) Nanda Devi
b) Nilgiri
c) Nokrek
d) Gulf of Mannar
Answer: b) Nilgiri
The first biosphere reserve in India is the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which was established in 1986.
It extends across parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.
2. Consider the following pairs:
Biosphere Reserve: State
1. Nokrek: Meghalaya
2. Panna: Madhya Pradesh
3. Seshachalam: Andhra Pradesh
4. Kachchh: Gujarat
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
a) Only 1 and 2
b) Only 2 and 3
c) Only 1, 2 and 3
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
All four pairs are correctly matched.
3. How many Biosphere Reserves are notified by India?
a) 9
b) 11
c) 18
d) 27
Answer: c) 18
These are among India's 18 nationally designated Biosphere Reserves.
4. How many biosphere reserves in India are recognised by UNESCO?
a) 9
b) 13
c) 15
d) 18
Answer. b) 13
India has 13 biosphere reserves recognized by UNESCO under the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, out of a total of 18 established nationwide.
List of UNESCO-Recognized Biosphere Reserves:
1. Nilgiri( Tamil Nad, Kerala, and Karnataka)
2. Gulf of Mannar ( Tamil Nadu)
3. Sunderbans( West Bengal)
4. Nanda Devi( Uttarakhand)
5. Nokrek ( Meghalaya)
6. Pachmarhi( Madhya Pradesh)
7. Similipal ( Odisha)
8. Achanakmar-Amarkantak ( Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh))
9. Great Nicobar ( Kerala and Tamil Nadu)
11. Khangchendzonga ( Sikkim)
12. Panna ( Madhya Pradesh)
13. Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh)
5. Consider the following statements regarding Biosphere Reserves:
1. They aim at conservation of biodiversity.
2. They promote sustainable development.
3. They support research, education and training.
4. Human activities are completely prohibited throughout the entire Biosphere Reserve.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: b. 1, 2 and 3 only
Biosphere Reserves follow the principle of balancing conservation, sustainable development and logistical support such as research, education and monitoring. Human activities are not completely prohibited throughout the entire reserve.
6. Which one of the following Biosphere Reserves is associated with the conservation of dugong and coral reef ecosystems?
a) Nilgiri
b) Gulf of Mannar
c) Nanda Devi
d) Cold Desert
Answer: b) Gulf of Mannar
The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve is located along the Tamil Nadu coast and includes marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, and dugong ( Sea cow).
7. Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
a) Cold Desert — Himachal Pradesh
b) Khangchendzonga — Sikkim
c) Similipal — Odisha
d) Seshachalam — Telangana
Answer: d). Seshachalam — Telangana
Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve is in Andhra Pradesh, not Telangana. The other three pairs are correctly matched.
8. The Biosphere Reserve concept is closely associated with which UNESCO programme?
a) World Heritage Programme
b) Man and the Biosphere Programme
c) International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
d) World Conservation Monitoring Programme
Answer: b). Man and the Biosphere Programme
Biosphere Reserves are associated with UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, which promotes conservation of biodiversity together with sustainable human development and scientific research.
9. Consider the following pairs:
Biosphere Reserve: Important feature
1. Sundarbans: Mangrove ecosystem
2. Cold Desert: Himalayan cold desert ecosystem
3. Gulf of Mannar: Marine and coastal ecosystem
4. Nilgiri:: Western Ghats ecosystem
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
a). Only one
b). Only two
c) Only three
d) All four
Answer: d). All four
All four are correctly matched and represent major ecological settings covered by India's Biosphere Reserve network.
10. Which one of the following statements about Biosphere Reserves in India is correct?
a) They are exclusively marine protected areas.
b) They are established only for protection of endangered animals.
c) They combine biodiversity conservation with sustainable development and research.
d) They prohibit all forms of human activity.
Answer: c). They combine biodiversity conservation with sustainable development and research.
The Biosphere Reserve approach is broader than the protection of individual species. It integrates conservation, sustainable socio-economic development, and research, education, and monitoring.
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