There are two types of motion of the earth:
- Rotation
- Revolution
Rotation :
- The motion of the earth on its axis is called the rotation of the earth. Day and night are caused by the rotation of the earth.
Revolution:
- The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is called revolution.
Why do the seasons change on Earth?
- The Earth's seasons change due to the revolution motion of the earth around the Sun through a tilted axis.
- Earth's axis makes an angle of 66.5 degrees with its orbital plane. that means the earth is tilted by 23.5 degrees from the actual pole.
What is the orbital plane?
- The plane formed by the Earth's orbit is called the orbital plane.
What is the circle of illumination?
- Since the Earth is in a spherical shape, only half of it is illuminated by sunlight that is facing the Sun, and the remaining half of the Earth experiences night. The circle which divides the day from the night on the globe is called the circle of illumination.
What is earth day?
- The Earth takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation around its axis, this period of rotation is called an Earth day.
What would happen if the earth did not rotate?
- If the earth does not rotate, then the half of the earth that will be in front of the sun will always be day and this part will be very hot, and the remaining part will be night all the time and this part will experience severe cold.
- In such extreme conditions, life would not be possible anywhere on earth.
The ancient Indian astrologer Aryabhata said that "the earth is round and rotates on its axis".
What is the revolution?
- The motion of the Earth around the Sun is called revolution.
- Earth takes 365.25 days for one revolution which we called one year.
- For convenience, we assume 365 days in a year and save six hours every year to make one day after four years. Therefore, every 4 years there comes a year of 366 days, which we call leap year.
What is Summer Solstice?
- After March 21, the Northern Hemisphere starts tilting towards the Sun, due to which there is a 6-month day at the North Pole and the length of the day starts to increase in the Northern Hemisphere, the duration of the night starts decreasing, and due to this the summer season in the Northern Hemisphere.
- On June 21, the sun's rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer and this day has the longest day and shortest night in the Northern Hemisphere. This state of the earth is called Summer Solstice.
What is Winter Solstice?
- On December 22, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun and the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays from the Sun.
- It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere and it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere.
- The Southern Hemisphere has the longest day and the shortest night. This position of the Earth is called the winter Solstices.
What is Equinox?
- When the whole earth has equal and equal days, it is called an equinox.
- This occurs when the sun's rays fall directly on the Earth's equator.
- The equinox falls twice a year on March 21 and September 23.
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