Hydroelectric or Hydel energy
- Rainwater or river water stored in dams
- Water is made to fall from heights
- Falling water flows through a pipe inside the dam over the turbine blade which is placed at bottom of the dam.
- Moving turbine transfer kinetic energy from moving water to electrical energy
- Water discharged after the generation of electricity is used for irrigation
- 25 % of the world's electricity is produced by hydel power
- Norway is the first country to produce electricity from the dam
- Leading producer countries of Hydel energy: Paraguay, Norway, Brazil, and China.
Advantages of Hydroelectric:
- Hydel power energy is renewable energy as the water gets renewed each water from rain.
- The dam is key for the integrated development of agriculture, village economy, industrialization, and urban economy.
- It is used for electricity generation, flood control, erosion control, irrigation, source of potable water, and source water for industrial use.
The drawback of Hydroelectric:
- The dam can be constructed only in a limited number of places; preferably in hilly areas.
- A large number of human settlements and agricultural areas get submerged.
- Submerged vegetation and animal rot underwater in the absence of oxygen and became the hot spot emission of methane greenhouse gas.
- This leads to the displacement of large numbers of people, especially tribal people.
Important Dams in India;
- Salala Project-Chenab River
- Bhakra Nangal-Satluj River
- Tehri- Ganga
- Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap, and Kota Barrage-Chenab
- Sardar Sarovar-Narmada river
- Rihand- Rihand river
- Tilaiya-Damodar valley-Damodar river
- Hirakund-mahanadi
- Nagarjun Sagar-Krishna
- Mettur-Cauveri
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