Question.
Discuss the consequences of international migration in India.
(NCERT class 12 geography, India People and Economy, Chapter-2: Migration: Types, Causes, and Consequences.)
Answer.
International migration is the migration when people go outside the country and spend a minimum amount of time. International migration has the following consequences:
Economic consequences:
- India is the largest recipient of international remittances in the world. In 2021, India received US$87 billion (in 2002 it was US$11 billion) as remittances from international migration. In states like Punjab, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala, international remittance plays a very important role in food, loan repayment, treatment, marriage, agricultural inputs, etc.
Brain drain:
- The best talent of India's working population goes abroad, and the result is a brain drain in India.
Redistribution of Population:
- India is a highly populated country, and when people move out of India, there is less burden on India's natural resources.
Socio-Cultural-Environmental Consequences:
- In the past, millions of migrants came to India from Central Asia, West Asia, Tibet, etc. This has resulted in the intermixing of cultures in India.
- Even today, millions of migrants come to India mostly from Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, etc., adding to India's population in already overpopulated areas, causing many environmental problems as well as social tensions.
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