Question.
Mention the three horizons of a soil profile.
(Chapter 6 Soils, Class 11 NCERT geography "India Physical Environment")
Answer.
The vertical layers of soil are called soil profiles. The soil profile is made up of three layers called horizons.
- The top layer or Horizon "A"
- the middle layer or Horizon "B"
- the third layer or Horizon "C"
Horizon "A" is the topmost layer of the soil. This layer of soil is composed of organic matter, minerals, nutrients, and water. Horizon "A" provides all the necessary components for the growth of plants.
Horizon "B" is the transition zone between Horizon "A" and Horizon "B". This includes the contents of both the top layer and the bottom layer.
Horizon "c" is the eroded material of the parent rock. The process of soil formation, first of all, starts from this layer.
The above three arrangement of layers is called a soil profile. Below the Horizon "c" are the parent rocks.
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