1. Who among the following scholars said that 'Geometry is the language of geography'? ( UPPSC GDC)
(a) T. Haggerstrand
(b) P. Haggett
(c) B.J.L. Berry
(d) W. Bunge
Answer.(d) W. Bunge
William Bunge was a famous American geographer who was a strong supporter of the quantitative revolution in geography. He famously stated that "Geometry is the language of geography"
2. The most effective causal factor in rural-to-urban migration in India is: ( UPPSC GDC)
(a) Education
(b) Marriage
(c) Employment
(d) Family movement
Answer.(c) Employment
Employment is a key economic pull factor for rural-to-urban migration in India.
3. The 'administrative principle' in Christaller' s Central Place Theory refers to ( UPPSC GDC)
(a) K=3
(b) K=4
(c) K=7
(d) K=9
Answer. c) K=7
K=3 (Marketing Principle): The market area of a higher-order place includes one-third of the market area of each of the six consecutive lower-order places.
K=4 (Transport Principle): The market area of a higher-order place includes half of the market area of each of the six neighbouring lower-order places.
K=7 (Administrative Principle): This principle is based on strict governance and administrative control.
4. The optimum population model was pioneered by: ( UPPSC GDC)
(a) Carr Saunders
(b) George M. Budvel
(c) Warren Thompson
(d) Robert Boyd
Answer. (a) Carr Saunders
Carr Saunders, British sociologist and demographer, gave the Optimum Population Model in his 1922 book The Population Problem.
Warren Thompson: Demographic Transition Model (1929)
5. Which of the following periods is called the 'Golden Age' of Geomorphology in reference to the U.S.A.? ( UPPSC GDC)
(a) 1875-1920
(b) 1825-1875
(c) 1920— 1965
(d) 1970— 2010
Answer. (a) 1875-1920
The period between 1875 and 1920 is widely celebrated as the "Golden Age" of geomorphology in the United States.
This period was dominated by W.M. Davis, often called the "Father of American Geography". In 1899, he introduced his famous "Geomorphic Cycle" (or Cycle of Erosion).
6. Which of the following statements are correct?
Select the correct answer from the codes given below: ( UPPSC GDC)
(i) Carnivores are at trophic level IV of the food chain.
(ii) Autotrophs are the chief source of energy for herbivores.
(iii) Carnivores derive their energy from herbivores.
(iv) Omnivores derive their energy from autotrophs.
Codes:
(a) (i) and (iv) are correct
(b) (ii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
Answer: (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
Trophic Level I (includes Producers / Autotrophs): Green plants and algae that capture solar energy to produce food through photosynthesis.
Trophic Level II (includes Primary Consumers / Herbivores): Plant-eating animals that feed directly on producers.
Trophic Level III (includes Secondary Consumers / Small Carnivores or Omnivores): Animals that eat herbivores.
Trophic Level IV (Tertiary Consumers / Top or Large Carnivores): Apex predators that feed on lower carnivores
7. Which of the following pairs is/are NOT correctly matched? ( UPPSC 2025)
(Pass) (State/Union Territory)
1. Lipulekh - Ladakh
2. Nathu La - Sikkim
3. Bomdila - Arunachal Pradesh
4. Shipki La - Himachal Pradesh
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
(a) Only 1 and 2
(b) Only 2, 3 and 4
(c) Only 1, 2 and 3
(d) Only 1
Answer. (d) Only 1
Lipulekh: Uttarakhand
Nathu La: Sikkim
Bomdila ( West Kameng district): Arunachal Pradesh
Shipki La (enters the Satluj River into India): Himachal Pradesh
8. The Euphrates River is located in which region?
a) Central America
b) Southeastern Australia
c) Southwest Asia
d) Southeast Asia
Answer. c) Southwest Asia
Context:
1. According to a study published in Nature Geoscience, scientists using seismic imaging and geological data have deciphered how the Euphrates River first formed.
2. The Euphrates is the longest and one of the most historically significant rivers in Southwest Asia ( Turkey, Syria, and Iraq).
9. Arrange the following States of India in the ascending order on the basis of their area and select the correct answer from the code given below. ( UPPSC 2025)
1. Haryana 2. Himachal Pradesh
3. Punjab 4. Uttarakhand
Code:
(a) 1, 3, 2, 4
(b) 3, 1, 4, 2
(c) 3, 1, 2, 4
(d) 1, 3, 4, 2
Answer:d) (d) 1, 3, 4, 2
1. Haryana: Approx. 44k square km
3. Punjab: Approx. 50 k square km
4. Uttarakhand: Approx. 53 square km
2. Himachal Pradesh: Approx. 55 square km
10. Match List-I with List II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists. ( UPPSC 2025)
List-I (State) List-II (Highest Peak)
A. Tamil Nadu 1. Dhupgarh
B. Rajasthan 2. Doddabetta
C. Nagaland 3. Guru Shikhar
D. Madhya Pradesh 4. Saramati
Code:
A B C D
(a) 2 3 1 4
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 2 3 4 1
Answer. (a) 2 3 1 4
Doddabetta ( Nilgiri Hills): Highest peak of Tamil Nadu
Guru Shikhar (Aravalli range): The highest peak of the Aravalli range and Rajasthan.
Saramati: The highest Peak of Nagaland
Dhupgarh ( Satpura Range): The highest peak of the Satpura Range and Madhya Pradesh.
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