Characteristics or Nature of Indian monsoon UPSC | Geography of India| UPSC | UP-PCS

The Following are the Characteristics or Nature of the Indian monsoon:

Monsoon is seasonal in character and rainfall occurs between June and September.
Monsoon is controlled by relief.

For examples,
The Windward side of the Western Ghats gets heavy rainfall and the eastern side of the western ghats get scanty rainfall.
Arakal hills and Himalayas deflect the monsoon and cause rainfall in the Indian subcontinent.

Break-in monsoon for one or more weeks after having rainfall for a few days. It is caused by Cyclonic depression in the Bay of Bengal sea.
Spatial variation of rainfall varies from 12 cm to 400 cm rainfall.
Somewhere Flood and somewhere drought.
The monsoon is a lifeline for Indian agriculture that supports 1.35 billion people.
Not the same rainfall every year.

Try to solve the following questions:

Discuss the major characteristics of the Indian monsoon with special emphasis on the causative factors( UPSC 1922)
Discuss the recent theories put forward to explain the origin and mechanism of the Indian Monsoon. ( UPSC, 1994)
Elucidate the mechanism of the Indian Monsoon( UPSC, 1999)
Explain the Origin, Mechanism, and characteristics of the Summer Monsoon in India. ( UPSC 2002)
Give a Critical account of the recent theories of the origin of the Indian monsoon with special reference to the Jet Stream Theory. (UPSC, 2006)
Discuss the mechanism and origin of Monsoon winds and explain the role of El Nino on Monsoon circulation. ( UPSC, 2008)
Discuss the mechanism of the Indian Monsoon (UPSC 2013)
Discuss the nature and origin of the Indian monsoon and recent techniques for its prediction. ( UPSC, 2014)
Give a reasonable account of the Unusual Pattern of Distribution of Monsoonal rainfall in India. ( UPSC, 2017)
Why is the monsoon erratic in nature? Explain. ( UPSC 2019)
Explain the origin, progress, and retreat of the Indian monsoon and discuss its impact on the Indian economy. (UPSC 2018, 250 words, 20 marks)
Elaborate on the origin of monsoon with reference to thermal and recent concepts. ( UPPSC 2020)

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