Migration is the lt of uneven distribution of opportunity over space. It creates both benefits and problems for both source and destination areas.
The following are consequences:
- Economic consequence
- Demographic consequence
- Social consequence
- Environmental consequence
Economic consequence:
The following are economic consequences.
- Source region gets remittances from migrants.
- Punjab, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu receive a significant amount of international remittances.
- Internal remittances are very less compared to international remittances.
- Remittances play important role in the source region for food, repayment of debts, treatment, marriage, children's education, agriculture inputs, and house construction.
- UP, Bihar, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and Himachal Pradesh's villages get benefitted from internal remittances.
- Punjab, Haryana, and western Up benefitted from labor in the green revolution.
- Unregulated migration in the sources region causes overcrowding. Slum areas in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka are examples of the negative consequence of unregulated migration.
Demographic consequence:
The following are demographic consequences:
- Migration leads to redistribution of the population within the country and States.
- Rural to urban migration leads to the growth of cities.
- Selective migration of age and skill leads to adverse Demographic effects in both rural and urban areas.
- Serious imbalance of age sex composition in Uttrakhand, Rajasthan, Eastern Maharashtra, MP, and Bihar.
Social consequence:
The following are social consequences:
- Migrants act as agents of social change.
- New ideas such as new technology, family planning, and gild education get diffused from urban to rural areas.
- Migration leads to the intermixing of people from diverse cultures.
- Positive contributions, the evolution of composite culture takes place.
- Negative consequences, anonymity, sense of dejection amongst individuals, people fall into the trap of anti-social activities such as crime a d drug abuses.
Environmental consequence:
The following are environmental consequences of migration:
- Overcrowding puts pressure on existing social and physical infrastructure in urban areas.
- It leads to the unplanned growth of settlements and slums
- Overexploitation of natural resources such as groundwater depletion, air pollution, disposal of sewage, and management of solid waste.
Try to solve the following questions:
- Discuss the causes and consequences of population migration. ( UPSC 2000)
- Impact of migration on urban demography (UPSC 2012)
You may like also:
- Ravenstein Law of migration Geography
- The Gravity Model of Migration Geography
- Theory of intervening opportunities by Stouffer
- Lee's push-pull theory of migration
- Zelinsky's migration transition model
- Consequence of migration
- Migration-inter-regional-intraregional and international
- Causes and consequences of migration
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