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Ravenstein law of migration UPSC

Ravenstein law of migration UPSC

14:07


In 1885, Ravensien was the first to generalize the migration pattern based on the birthplace in Britain during that time. This generalization of migration is named the " law of migration ".
As per Ravensien, there are three basic factors of migration:
  • Motive
  • Distance
  • Migrants composition

Motive: 
The motive behind the migration may be economic, better security, political, cultural, marriage, or social.

Distance: 
How far do migrants want to travel?

Migrants composition:
Such as gender, and age. Culture, etc.


 Based on the above three factors, Ravenstein gave the following 9 generalized views of the law of migration:

  • Distance decay model or inverse relationship between distance and volume of migration.
    • Support: 
      • Large migration happened in the nearest city.
    • Criticism:
      •  A large number of Indians prefer to go to the USA as compared to China despite long-distance.
  • Step migration.
    • Support:
      • Generally, it has been seen the following pattern; Village--> Town--> City-->Mega City
    • Criticism: 
      • A large number of a villager from Bihar directly migrates to West Asia
  • Every migration produces a counter-current
    • Support:
      • India gets large remittances from abroad.
    • Criticism:
      • This is not true in the case of permanent migration.
  • Female is more flexible in-migration than male.
  • Migration is age-specific
  • Migration mostly happened because of economic reasons
    • Criticism: 
      • Rohingya and Syrian migrants are not because of economic reasons but insecurity.
      • The large infusion of migration in India during the 1950s was not for economic reasons.
  • Migration is the main reason for the population growth of a large city than natural birth.
  • The majority of migrants are young
  • More Migration happened in rural areas as compared to urban areas.
Try to solve the following questions:
  • Critically examine the theories of population migration. (2015 UPSC )
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