Command Area Development program was launched in 1974 to reduce the Gap between Irrigation Potential and actual Utilization, and to improve the socio-economic conditions of farmers.
Irrigation potential not utilized due to;
- Delay in Construction
- Lack of participation of farmer
Command Areas Development Authority was set up. The following are the main components of Command Areas Development:
- Construction of field channel within the reach of each command outlet.
- Introduction of suitable cropping pattern
- Development of groundwater to supplement surface water
- Modernization and maintenance of irrigation system
- Provide the rotational supply of water to ensure equitably and assured distribution of water to individual farm
Command Area Development and Sustainable development:
It helps to promote sustainable development;
- It promoted the strict implementation of water management policy
- Cropping patterns, not include intensive crops, encourage citrus fruits,
- It includes:
- Lining of watercourses
- Land development and labeling
- Equal distribution of canal water
- Reclamation of waterlogging and soil salinity
- Ecological development through afforestation, shelterbelt, and pasture development
It was not successful because;
- The water supply was not reliable
- Inefficiency in agriculture technology
- Lack of farmer participation.
- Loss of irrigation water through transport
In 2004, It was renamed as Command Areas Development and Water Management Program(CADWMP).
Example of Command areas development:
- Indira Gandhi Canal Command Areas.
- Previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, one of the largest canals in India.
- Project Launched: 1958
Origin:
- Harike Barrage in Punjab
It runs parallel to Pakistan Border.
Total length:9060 km
Total Command areas: 19.63 lakh square hectares.
70 % through-flow system and 30 % through the lift system.
Implemented in two stages:
Stages 1:
- The 1960s;
- Gandhi Nagar, Hanumangarh, Northern Part of Bikaner;
- Characterized by gentle slope.
- Areas 5.3 Lakh hectare.
Stage-II;
- It was implemented in the 1980s.
- Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, and Churu districts.
Try to solve the following questions:
- Discuss the concept of Command Area development and evaluate its success with reference to Indira Gandhi Canal. (UPSC 2014, 200 words, 15 Marks)
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- भारत के सूखा-ग्रस्त क्षेत्रों पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए।
- बिहार के बाढ़ प्रभावित और सूखा प्रभावित क्षेत्रो की समश्याओ को काबू में रखने के लिए गतिरोधतात्मक और निदानात्मक उपायों का उल्लेख कीजिये।
- Experience in regional planning in India
- Five Year Plans
- Integrated rural development programs
- Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning
- Command area development
- Watershed management
- Planning for the backward area
- Desert areas development
- Drought-prone area development
- Hill areas development
- Tribal area development
- Multi-level planning
- Regional planning and development of the island territories
- Development disparity
- Importance of Multi-level planning in the regional development of India
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