Drought-prone areas include those areas that do not receive sufficient rain or often face crop failure problems.
The areas characterized by less than 75 % normal annual rainfall or less than 60% normal monthly rainfall were included in drought-prone areas.
. These areas are characterized by the following problems:
- Huge pressure on vegetation and land due to high population and cattle
- Depletion of vegetation cover leads to soil erosion which also leads to soil degradation.
- Depletion of groundwater due to overexploitation
- Decreasing crop production
- Desertification problems
- Hunger and Malnutritions
- Force migration
Drought Prone areas development (DPAP) was launched in the year 1973-74 (the fourth five-year plan) with the following major objectives:
- Minimize the adverse effect of drought on crops, livestock, land,
- To promote overall economic development and improve socio-economic condition
- Provide employment
- Create productive asset
- Emphasized in the irrigation project, land development, afforestation, grassland
Strategy:
- Area development on a watershed basis
- Direct participation of the people in planning and development
- Monitoring by Panchayat
- Adoption of watershed development at the micro-level
- Restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, human, and animal population
- Emphasized on:
- Construction of labor-intensive civil works:
- Irrigation projects
- Land development program
- 30 % of the fund were utilized in soil conservation
- 25 % of the fund were utilized in forestry and grassland
- 20 % of the fund was utilized for water conservation method
In the year 1995-96, the Hanuman Rao committee evaluated the Drought Prone development Program and Desert Development Program and in recommendation:
- New Block added in Desert Development Program
- Some blocks transferred from Drought prone areas development to Desert Areas Development.
In the year 2000,
- Drought-prone Area development, Desert Areas Development, and the Integrated Watershed Development program get merged and named to Integrated Watershed Management Program( IWMP).
Try to solve the following questions:
- Comment on the criteria for identifying Drought Prone Areas in India. ( UPSC 2014, 150 words, 10 Marks)
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- Write short notes on Drought-prone areas of India.
- भारत के सूखा-ग्रस्त क्षेत्रों पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए।
- बिहार के बाढ़ प्रभावित और सूखा प्रभावित क्षेत्रो की समश्याओ को काबू में रखने के लिए गतिरोधतात्मक और निदानात्मक उपायों का उल्लेख कीजिये।
- Experience in regional planning in India
- Five Year Plans
- Integrated rural development programs
- Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning
- Command area development
- Watershed management
- Planning for the backward area
- Desert areas development
- Drought-prone area development
- Hill areas development
- Tribal area development
- Multi-level planning
- Regional planning and development of the island territories
- Development disparity
- Importance of Multi-level planning in the regional development of India
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