The following are desert areas in India:
- Hot Desert areas of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Haryana
- Cold desert areas of Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh.
Cold Desert of Ladakh:
Location and physical characteristics of Ladakh cold desert:
- Ladakh is in Great Himalayas
- It is eastern of Jammu and Kashmir
- Karakoram range in the North
- Zaskar range is in south
- Indus river and its tributaries flow in the region.
- Many Galciaers such as Gangri are in Ladakh.
- The altitude varies from 3000 meters in Kargil to 8000 meters in the Karakoram.
Due to high altitude:
- Climate is extremely cold and dry
- Atmosphere is thin
- Temperature varies from -40 degrees c to 0 degrees centigrade
Economic opportunity:
- No forest
- There are scanty patches of grasses and shrubs for animal rearing
- Summer; apple, Apricorn, walnut tree boom
- Tourism from both international and domestic visit Gompas, Monasteries, Glaciers, and attend the festivals.
- There are scanty water and fuel
Hot Desert in India:
Challenges:
- Extreme temperature, water unavailability, unreachability.
Economic opportunities:
- Energy generation, Mining, farming, and tourism.
We can summarize that the following are major problems in the desert areas that can be managed through planning:
- Water shortage
- Depletion in Vegetation
- Increase soil erosion
For solving the above problems, the Desert Development Program (DDP) was launched in 1977-78 with the following aims:
- Minimize the adverse effect of deserts and control desertification by the restoration of natural resources to achieve ecological balance in long run.
- Aim to overall Economic development and improve the socio-economic development of poor and disadvantaged section
In the year 1994-95, the Desert development program was under Rural development, and it had 131 blocks and 21 districts spread in 5 states.
Integrated Watershed development program for desert areas
In the year 1995-96, the Hanuman Rao committee evaluated the Drought Prone development Program and Desert Development Program and in recommendation:
- New Block added in Desert Development Program
- Some blocks transferred from Drought prone areas development to Desert Areas Development.
In the year 2000,
- Drought-prone Area development, Desert Areas Development, and the Integrated Watershed Development program get merged and named to Integrated Watershed Management Program( IWMP).
- Drought-prone area development
- Dought as a natural disaster
- Drought Crisis
- Mention the preventive and curative measures to contain problems of flood-prone and drought-prone areas of Bihar (( 63rd BPSC, 2019) )
- Write short notes on Drought-prone areas of India.
- भारत के सूखा-ग्रस्त क्षेत्रों पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए।
- बिहार के बाढ़ प्रभावित और सूखा प्रभावित क्षेत्रो की समश्याओ को काबू में रखने के लिए गतिरोधतात्मक और निदानात्मक उपायों का उल्लेख कीजिये।
- Experience in regional planning in India
- Five Year Plans
- Integrated rural development programs
- Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning
- Command area development
- Watershed management
- Planning for the backward area
- Desert areas development
- Drought-prone area development
- Hill areas development
- Tribal area development
- Multi-level planning
- Regional planning and development of the island territories
- Development disparity
- Importance of Multi-level planning in the regional development of India
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