Fundamentals of Human Geography -Class-12
UNIT I.
Chapter -1. Human Geography (Nature and Scope )
1. Define human geography.
2. Name some sub-fields of human geography.
3. How is human geography related to other social sciences?
4. Explain the naturalization of humans.
5. Write a note on the scope of human geography.
UNIT II.
Chapter-2. The World Population Distribution, Density, and Growth
1. Why do people prefer to live in certain regions and not in others?
2. Yet city life can be very taxing…. think of some of the unpleasant aspects of city life.
3. Can you think of reasons why people migrate?
Chapter-3. Population Composition
1. What do you understand by population composition?
2. What is the significance of age structure?
3. How is the sex ratio measured?
4. Describe the rural-urban composition of the population.
5. Discuss the factors responsible for imbalances in the sex age found in different parts of the world and occupational structure.
Chapter - 4. Human Development
1. Do growth and development mean the same thing? Do they accompany each other?
2. Write a short essay illustrating growth without development and growth with development.
3. What are the three basic areas of human development?
4. Name the four main components of human development?
5. How are countries classified on the basis of the human development index?
6. What do you understand by the term human development?
7. What do equity and sustainability refer to within the concept of human development?
UNIT III.
Chapter-5. Primary Activities
1. Why are the inhabitants of coastal and plain regions engaged in fishing and agriculture respectively?
2. What are the physical and social factors that affect the type of primary activities in different regions?
3. Future of shifting cultivation is bleak. Discuss.
4. Market gardening is practiced near urban areas. Why?
5. Large-scale dairy farming is the result of the development of transportation and refrigeration.
6. Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing.
7. Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries.
Chapter-6. Secondary Activities
1. Why do Large-scale Industries choose different locations?
2. Write a short note on the High-Tech industry.
3. Write a short note on the Manufacturing industries.
4. Write a short note on the following Footloose industries.
5. Differentiate between primary and secondary activities.
6. Discuss the major trends of modern industrial activities, especially in the developed countries of the world.
7. Explain why high-tech industries in many countries are being attracted to the peripheral areas of major metropolitan centers.
8. Africa has immense natural resources and yet it is industrially the most backward continent. Comment.
Chapter-7. Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
1. Explain retail trading services.
2. Describe quaternary services.
3. Name the fast-emerging countries of medical tourism in the world.
4. What is the digital divide?
5. Discuss the significance and growth of the service sector in modern economic development.
6. Explain in detail the significance of transport and communication services.
7. Describe the nature of work of different collar jobs like red, gold, white, grey, blue, and pink.
Chapter-8. Transport and Communication
1. Find out some of the important ports on the coast of the U.S.A. and Western Europe.
2. Can you think of the impact on traffic in the Panama Canal after the Nicaraguan canal opens up?
3. What are the problems of road transport in mountainous, desert, and flood-prone regions?
4. What is a transcontinental railway?
5. What are the advantages of water transport?
6. Elucidate the statement– “In a well-managed transport system, various modes complement each other”.
7. Which are the major regions of the world that have a dense network of airways?
8. What are the modes by which cyberspace will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans?
Chapter-9. International Trade
1. Think of some reasons why dumping is becoming a serious concern among trading nations
2. What is the basic function of the World Trade Organisation?
3. Why is it detrimental for a nation to have a negative balance of payments?
4. What benefits do nations get by forming trading blocs?
5. How are ports helpful for trade? Give classification of ports on the basis of their location.
6. How do nations gain from International Trade?
7. Why do you think that volume of trade has increased over the decades?
UNIT IV
Chapter- 10. Human Settlements
1. What would be the effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a function on the development of existing and new settlements?
2. How would you define a settlement?
3. Distinguish between site and situation.
4. What are the bases for classifying settlements?
5. How would you justify the study of human settlements in human geography?
6. What are rural and urban settlements? Mention their characteristics.
7. Discuss the problems associated with urban settlements in developing countries.
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